System Design and Complexity
After Lecture Learning Questions to the Lecture System Design and Complexity by Prof. Schweitzer, ETH Zürich, fall 2016.
After Lecture Learning Questions to the Lecture System Design and Complexity by Prof. Schweitzer, ETH Zürich, fall 2016.
Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 88 |
|---|---|
| Langue | English |
| Catégorie | Technique |
| Niveau | Université |
| Crée / Actualisé | 11.12.2016 / 15.12.2016 |
| Lien de web |
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What do we mean by PEST and SWOT analysis? What is their position in the context of the problem solving cycle?
PEST: Sociological, Technological, Economic, and Political
→ external analysis of macro-environment
SWOT: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
→ external and internal analysis
Structured methods to analyze the situation.
=> Setting the objective; situation analysis
Analyze what do we have and look at future trends
Define project management. What are its two objectives?
Project management is the discipline of organizing and managing resources in such a way that these resources deliver all the work required to complete a project within defined scope, time, and cost constraints.
On-time endeavor.
Two objectives: deliver results within prespecified constraints, optimize allocation of resources to meet predefined objectives
Outline the different types of element interdependence. What is the difference between positive and negative causation, especially when regarding the role of positive/negative feedback mechanisms for the stability of the system.
Unidirectional: A => B
Feedback: A ⇔ B
Indirect: A => B, B => C
Positive causation: +A => +B => positive feedback, reinforcement, leads to instability
Negative causation +A => -B => negative feedback, damping effect, leads to stability
Why does the workforce-inventory model display oscillations in production, workforce and inventory while sales are relatively stable? How does a reduction of the target inventory affect this result?
Inventory correction (alpha) and workforce correction (theta) have different time
scales, which lead to oscillations.
An increase in sales leads to an overshooting in inventory/production and increased
hiring.
Lower inventory coverage leads to larger oscillations.
Describe the different stages of the product life cycle. How do they relate to the elements in the BCG Matrix?
Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline
Question Marks, Stars, Cash Cows, Dogs
BCG Matrix: market share vs. market growth
Describe the different parameter constellations and resulting market dynamics in the Cob-Web theorem. Which hypotheses are required for the model to work?
beta/delta > 1 => unstable, explosion
beta/delta = 1 => oscillations
beta/delta < 1 => stable, approaching an equilibrium
Beta and delta: price derivative of demand / supply.
Single market, linear supply and demand, competitive market
Demand reacts immediately to price, no future expectations, market clearing
What are the dynamics driving technology diffusion in epidemic, probit and density dependent models? Briefly outline, what issues apply to technology diffusion research in general.
Technology diffusion → spatial process
New technology is exogenous
Technology doesn’t fail
Empirics show asymmetric S-curve
Effect of competition unclear
Explain the logistic map and its control parameter. What is the meaning of a period doubling scenario?
x_n+1 = r * x_n * (1-x_n)
Control parameter r
0 < r < 1 => x => 0
1 < r < 3 => x = 1-1/r, stationary regime
3 < r < 4 => oscillations
Period doubling happens in 3 < r < 4, where cycles of solutions exist, with increasing r the cycles get longer (by doubling of the cycle length due to bifurcation)
