USMLE Step 1: Clinical presentations
Clinical presentations
Clinical presentations
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Cartes-fiches
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Anticentromere antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Scleroderma (CREST)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Antihistone antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Anti-IgG antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
Diagnosis/disease:
1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Diagnosis/disease:
Vasculitis
- c-ANCA: Wegener's
- p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiits, Churg-Strauss syndrome
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
Diagnosis/disease:
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Antiplatelet antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Diagnosis/disease:
Celiac disease
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray
Diagnosis/disease:
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
Diagnosis/disease:
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Bacitracin response
Diagnosis/disease:
- Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
- resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Bambo spine" on x-ray
Diagnosis/disease:
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Diagnosis/disease:
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Diagnosis/disease:
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Bloody tap on lumbar puncture (LP)
Diagnosis/disease:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray
Diagnosis/disease:
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Diagnosis/disease:
Actinomyces israelii
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
Diagnosis/disease:
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Brown" tumor of bone
Diagnosis/disease:
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts; due to:
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Diagnosis/disease:
Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
Diagnosis/disease:
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Diagnosis/disease:
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Diagnosis/disease:
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Diagnosis/disease:
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Diagnosis/disease:
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Diagnosis/disease:
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Diagnosis/disease:
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Diagnosis/disease:
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Diagnosis/disease:
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Diagnosis/disease:
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
Diagnosis/disease:
"Owl's-eye" appearance of CMV
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Enlarged thyroid cells with gound-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Diagnosis/disease:
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Diagnosis/disease:
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Diagnosis/disease:
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Diagnosis/disease:
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Diagnosis/disease:
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
