USMLE Step 1: Clinical presentations
Clinical presentations
Clinical presentations
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Cartes-fiches
Disease/finding:
Osteomyelitis
Most common/important associations:
S.aureus
Disease/finding:
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Most common/important associations:
Salmonella
Disease/finding:
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Most common/important associations:
- Pseudomonas
- S.aureus
Disease/finding:
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Most common/important associations:
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
Disease/finding:
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Most common/important associations:
Serous cystadenoma
Disease/finding:
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Most common/important associations:
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Disease/finding:
Pancreatitis (acute)
Most common/important associations:
Gallstones, alcohol
Disease/finding:
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Most common/important associations:
- Alcohol (adults)
- cystic fibrosis (kids)
Disease/finding:
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
Most common/important associations:
- ALL: child
- CLL: adult > 60
- AML: adult ~ 60
- CML: adult 30-60
Disease/finding:
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Most common/important associations:
N. gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
Disease/finding:
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
Most common/important associations:
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
Disease/finding:
Pituitary tumor
Most common/important associations:
- Prolactinoma
- Somatotropic "acidophile" adenoma
Disease/finding:
Primary amenorrhea
Most common/important associations:
Turner syndrome (45X0)
Disease/finding:
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Most common/important associations:
Multiple myeloma
Disease/finding:
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Most common/important associations:
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Disease/finding:
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Most common/important associations:
- Adenomas
- Hyperplasia
- Carcinoma
Disease/finding:
Primary liver cancer
Most common/important associations:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin)
Disease/finding:
Pulmonary hypertension
Most common/important associations:
COPD
Disease/finding:
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Most common/important associations:
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
Disease/finding:
Renal tumor
Most common/important associations:
Renal cell carcinoma → associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Disease/finding:
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Most common/important associations:
Cor pulmonale
Disease/finding:
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Most common/important associations:
increased ventricular filling (L→R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
Disease/finding:
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Most common/important associations:
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricule (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Disease/finding:
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Most common/important associations:
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
Disease/finding:
Sexually transmitted disease
Most common/important associations:
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
Disease/finding:
SIADH
Most common/important associations:
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
Disease/finding:
Site of diverticula
Most common/important associations:
Sigmoid colon
Disease/finding:
Site of atherosclerosis
Most common/important associations:
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
Disease/finding:
Stomach cancer
Most common/important associations:
Adenocarcinoma
Disease/finding:
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Most common/important associations:
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
Disease/finding:
t(14;18)
Most common/important associations:
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
Disease/finding:
t(8;14)
Most common/important associations:
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
Disease/finding:
t(9;22)
Most common/important associations:
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
Disease/finding:
Temporal arteritis
Most common/important associations:
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Disease/finding:
Testicular tumor
Most common/important associations:
Seminoma
Disease/finding:
Thyroid cancer
Most common/important associations:
Papillary carcinoma
Disease/finding:
Tumor in women
Most common/important associations:
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Disease/finding:
Tumor of infancy
Most common/important associations:
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
Disease/finding:
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Most common/important associations:
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Disease/finding:
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Most common/important associations:
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
