USMLE Step 1: Clinical presentations

Clinical presentations

Clinical presentations

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Mauro Vasella

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Mauro Vasella

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This flashcard set covers clinical presentations of various diseases and conditions at a university level. It focuses on diagnosing common diseases, syndromes, and tumors, along with their clinical and lab findings. Medical students and professionals will benefit from this set as it provides essential information for identifying and understanding different medical conditions.

Cartes-fiches

445

Utilisateurs

2

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Médecine

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

22.10.2013 / 12.04.2015

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Disease/finding:

SIADH

Most common/important associations:

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Disease/finding:

Site of diverticula

Most common/important associations:

Sigmoid colon

Disease/finding:

Site of atherosclerosis

Most common/important associations:

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Disease/finding:

Stomach cancer

Most common/important associations:

Adenocarcinoma

Disease/finding:

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Most common/important associations:

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Disease/finding:

t(14;18)

Most common/important associations:

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Disease/finding:

t(8;14)

Most common/important associations:

Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Disease/finding:

t(9;22)

Most common/important associations:

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Disease/finding:

Temporal arteritis

Most common/important associations:

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

Disease/finding:

Testicular tumor

Most common/important associations:

Seminoma

Disease/finding:

Thyroid cancer

Most common/important associations:

Papillary carcinoma

Disease/finding:

Tumor in women

Most common/important associations:

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

Disease/finding:

Tumor of infancy

Most common/important associations:

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

Disease/finding:

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Most common/important associations:

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Disease/finding:

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Most common/important associations:

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Disease/finding:

Type of Hodgkin's

Most common/important associations:

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic, predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Disease/finding:

Type of non-Hodgkin's

Most common/important associations:

Diffuse large cell

Disease/finding:

UTI

Most common/important associations:

E.coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Disease/finding:

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Most common/important associations:

HSV-1

Disease/finding:

Vitamin deficiency (US)

Most common/important associations:

Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

Clinical presentation:

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

Diagnosis/disease:

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

Clinical presentation:

Achilles tendon xanthoma

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

Diagnosis/disease:

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Clinical presentation:

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

Diagnosis/disease:

Waterhouse-Friderichsen snydrome (meningococcemia)

Clinical presentation:

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

Diagnosis/disease:

Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)

Clinical presentation:

Athlete with polycythemia

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Diagnosis/disease:

Erythropoietin injection

Clinical presentation:

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Diagnosis/disease:

Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)

Clinical presentation:

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Diagnosis/disease:

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

Clinical presentation:

Blue sclera

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Diagnosis/disease:

Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)

Clinical presentation:

Bluish line on gingiva

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Diagnosis/disease:

Burton's line (lead poisoning)

Clinical presentation:

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Diagnosis/disease:

Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic & osteoclastic activity)

Clinical presentation:

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

Diagnosis/disease:

Aortic regurgitation

Clinical presentation:

"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female

Diagnosis/disease:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Clinical presentation:

Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

Diagnosis/disease:

Neurofibromatosis type I (+pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)

Neurofibromatosis type II (+bilateral acoustic neuromas)

Clinical presentation:

Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty

Diagnosis/disease:

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

Clinical presentation:

Calf pseudohypertrophy

Diagnosis/disease:

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

Clinical presentation:

"Cherry-red spot" on macula

Diagnosis/disease:

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
central retinal artery occlusion

Clinical presentation:

Chest pain on exertion

Diagnosis/disease:

Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)

Clinical presentation:

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

Diagnosis/disease:

Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)

Clinical presentation:

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

Diagnosis/disease:

Gowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

Clinical presentation:

Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body

Diagnosis/disease:

"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)

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Flashcards

Clinical presentation:

Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances

Diagnosis/disease:

Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)

Clinical presentation:

Positive anterior "drawer sign"

Diagnosis/disease:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury

Clinical presentation:

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

Diagnosis/disease:

Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

Clinical presentation:

Pupil accommodates but doesn't react

Diagnosis/disease:

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

Clinical presentation:

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)

Diagnosis/disease:

Guillain-Barré syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)

Clinical presentation:

Rash on palms and soles

Diagnosis/disease:

Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Clinical presentation:

Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

Diagnosis/disease:

Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

Clinical presentation:

Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

Diagnosis/disease:

Klebsielle pneumoniae

Clinical presentation:

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

Diagnosis/disease:

Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)

Clinical presentation:

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

Diagnosis/disease:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Clinical presentation:

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

Diagnosis/disease:

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

Clinical presentation:

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability

Diagnosis/disease:

Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)

Clinical presentation:

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

Diagnosis/disease:

Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)

Clinical presentation:

Severe jaundice in neonate

Diagnosis/disease:

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Clinical presentation:

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

Diagnosis/disease:

McBurney's sign (appendicitis)

Clinical presentation:

Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

Diagnosis/disease:

Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)

Clinical presentation:

Single palm crease

Diagnosis/disease:

Simian crease (Down syndrome)

Clinical presentation:

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

Diagnosis/disease:

Kartagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

Clinical presentation:

Skin hyperpigmentation

Diagnosis/disease:

Addison's disease (1° adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and alpha-MSH production)

Clinical presentation:

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

Diagnosis/disease:

Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)

Clinical presentation:

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

Diagnosis/disease:

Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)

Clinical presentation:

Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals

Diagnosis/disease:

Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)

Clinical presentation:

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

Diagnosis/disease:

Bacterial endocarditis

Clinical presentation:

"Strawberry tongue"

Diagnosis/disease:

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome

Clinical presentation:

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth

Diagnosis/disease:

Turner syndrome (45X0, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)

Clinical presentation:

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

Diagnosis/disease:

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

Clinical presentation:

Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

Diagnosis/disease:

Scurvy (vit C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

Clinical presentation:

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

Diagnosis/disease:

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])

Clinical presentation:

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

Diagnosis/disease:

Aortic valve stenosis

Clinical presentation:

Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

Diagnosis/disease:

MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

Clinical presentation:

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

Diagnosis/disease:

MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)

Clinical presentation:

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

Diagnosis/disease:

Babinski sign (upper motor neuron lesion)

Clinical presentation:

Unilateral fascial drooping involving forehead

Diagnosis/disease:

Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)

Clinical presentation:

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male

Diagnosis/disease:

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

Clinical presentation:

Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)

Diagnosis/disease:

Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

Clinical presentation:

Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations

Diagnosis/disease:

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)

Clinical presentation:

"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow

Diagnosis/disease:

Chronic end-stage renal disease

Clinical presentation:

WBC casts in urine

Diagnosis/disease:

Acute pyelonephritis

Clinical presentation:

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

Diagnosis/disease:

Whipple's disease (tropheryma whippelii)

Clinical presentation:

"Worst headache of my life"

Diagnosis/disease:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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