USMLE Step 1: Clinical presentations

Clinical presentations

Clinical presentations

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Mauro Vasella

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Mauro Vasella

About these flashcards

This flashcard set covers clinical presentations of various diseases and conditions at a university level. It focuses on diagnosing common diseases, syndromes, and tumors, along with their clinical and lab findings. Medical students and professionals will benefit from this set as it provides essential information for identifying and understanding different medical conditions.

Flashcards

445

Students

2

Language

English

Category

Medical

Level

University

Created / Updated

22.10.2013 / 12.04.2015

Disease/finding:

SIADH

Most common/important associations:

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Disease/finding:

Site of diverticula

Most common/important associations:

Sigmoid colon

Disease/finding:

Site of atherosclerosis

Most common/important associations:

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Disease/finding:

Stomach cancer

Most common/important associations:

Adenocarcinoma

Disease/finding:

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Most common/important associations:

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Disease/finding:

t(14;18)

Most common/important associations:

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Disease/finding:

t(8;14)

Most common/important associations:

Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Disease/finding:

t(9;22)

Most common/important associations:

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Disease/finding:

Temporal arteritis

Most common/important associations:

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

Disease/finding:

Testicular tumor

Most common/important associations:

Seminoma

Disease/finding:

Thyroid cancer

Most common/important associations:

Papillary carcinoma

Disease/finding:

Tumor in women

Most common/important associations:

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

Disease/finding:

Tumor of infancy

Most common/important associations:

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

Disease/finding:

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Most common/important associations:

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Disease/finding:

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Most common/important associations:

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Disease/finding:

Type of Hodgkin's

Most common/important associations:

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic, predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Disease/finding:

Type of non-Hodgkin's

Most common/important associations:

Diffuse large cell

Disease/finding:

UTI

Most common/important associations:

E.coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Disease/finding:

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Most common/important associations:

HSV-1

Disease/finding:

Vitamin deficiency (US)

Most common/important associations:

Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

Clinical presentation:

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

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Diagnosis/disease:

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

Clinical presentation:

Achilles tendon xanthoma

Keyboard commands:

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Diagnosis/disease:

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Clinical presentation:

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

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Diagnosis/disease:

Waterhouse-Friderichsen snydrome (meningococcemia)

Clinical presentation:

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

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Diagnosis/disease:

Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)

Clinical presentation:

Athlete with polycythemia

Keyboard commands:

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Diagnosis/disease:

Erythropoietin injection

Clinical presentation:

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

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Diagnosis/disease:

Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)

Clinical presentation:

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Keyboard commands:

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Diagnosis/disease:

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

Clinical presentation:

Blue sclera

Keyboard commands:

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Diagnosis/disease:

Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)

Clinical presentation:

Bluish line on gingiva

Keyboard commands:

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Diagnosis/disease:

Burton's line (lead poisoning)

Clinical presentation:

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

Keyboard commands:

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Diagnosis/disease:

Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic & osteoclastic activity)

Clinical presentation:

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

Diagnosis/disease:

Aortic regurgitation

Clinical presentation:

"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female

Diagnosis/disease:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Clinical presentation:

Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

Diagnosis/disease:

Neurofibromatosis type I (+pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)

Neurofibromatosis type II (+bilateral acoustic neuromas)

Clinical presentation:

Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty

Diagnosis/disease:

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

Clinical presentation:

Calf pseudohypertrophy

Diagnosis/disease:

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

Clinical presentation:

"Cherry-red spot" on macula

Diagnosis/disease:

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)
central retinal artery occlusion

Clinical presentation:

Chest pain on exertion

Diagnosis/disease:

Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)

Clinical presentation:

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

Diagnosis/disease:

Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)

Clinical presentation:

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

Diagnosis/disease:

Gowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

Clinical presentation:

Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body

Diagnosis/disease:

"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)

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Flashcards

Disease/finding:

Type of Hodgkin's

Most common/important associations:

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic, predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Disease/finding:

Type of non-Hodgkin's

Most common/important associations:

Diffuse large cell

Disease/finding:

UTI

Most common/important associations:

E.coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Disease/finding:

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Most common/important associations:

HSV-1

Disease/finding:

Vitamin deficiency (US)

Most common/important associations:

Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

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