USMLE Step 1: Clinical presentations
Clinical presentations
Clinical presentations
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Flashcards
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Diagnosis/disease:
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Diagnosis/disease:
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Rib notching
Diagnosis/disease:
Coarctation of the aorta
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Diagnosis/disease:
Toxoplasma gondii
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Diagnosis/disease:
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Diagnosis/disease:
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Diagnosis/disease:
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Diagnosis/disease:
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Stacks of red blood cells
Diagnosis/disease:
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
Diagnosis/disease:
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis")
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Tennis-racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Diagnosis/disease:
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Diagnosis/disease:
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Diagnosis/disease:
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Diagnosis/disease:
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Tram-track" appearance on LM
Diagnosis/disease:
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Diagnosis/disease:
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
WBCs that look "smudged"
Diagnosis/disease:
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
Lab/diagnostic finding:
"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Diagnosis/disease:
Lupus nephropathy
Lab/diagnostic finding:
Yellow CSF
Diagnosis/disease:
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Condition:
Abscence seizures
Common treatment:
Ethosuximide
Condition:
Acute gout attack
Common treatment:
NSAIDs, colchicine
Condition:
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
Common treatment:
All-trans retinoic acid
Condition:
ADHD
Common treatment:
Methylphenidate, amphetamines
Condition:
Alcohol abuse
Common treatment:
AA + disulfiram for patient and A1-Anon for family
Condition:
Alcohol withdrawal
Common treatment:
Benzodiazepines
Condition:
Anorexia
Common treatment:
SSRIs
Condition:
Anticoagulation during pregnancy
Common treatment:
Heparin
Condition:
Anxiety
Common treatment:
Buspirone
Condition:
Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Common treatment:
Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)
Condition:
B12 deficiency
Common treatment:
B12
Condition:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Common treatment:
Tamsulosin, finasteride
Condition:
Bipolar disorder
Common treatment:
Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine (mood stabilizers)
Condition:
Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman
Common treatment:
Aromatase inhibitor
Condition:
Buerger's disease
Common treatment:
Smoking cessation
Condition:
Bulimia
Common treatment:
SSRIs
Condition:
Candida albicans
Common treatment:
Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush, esophagitis)
Condition:
Carcinoid syndrome
Common treatment:
Octreotide
Condition:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Common treatment:
Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)
Condition:
Chronic gout
Common treatment:
Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer)
Condition:
Chronic hepatitis
Common treatment:
IFN-alpha
