POF
T1
T1
WIth a turbofan ngines have no critical engine except the outher ones at a 4-engined aeroplane. By a crosswind T/O which one is the critical one?
the engine one on the windward side is the critical engine
3 options how to fly after an engine failure (small aircraft)
1.=> keeping the wings level => Rudder + aileron towards good engine=> The ball is centered => sideslip greates a large amount of drag
2. bank towards the good engine => ONLY AILERON => Rudder neutral => sideslip greates a large amount of drag
3. slighz bank and moderate rudder towards goo engine => straight ahead with minimum drag => no sideslip
=> minimum drag, no sideslip ====> the ball of the turn and slip indicator is not centered, but there is no sideslop => Bank angle max. 5 degrees
how to fly after engine failure big aircraft
a) larger power surplus
b) jet aeroplanes is linked with spoiler deflection which increases drag
=> then rudder is applied to teh side of teh operating engine which keeps aileron input at almost zero with the spoilers retracted => sideslip towards the side with the dad engine
VMCG
Minimum controlled speed on the ground => Flaps T/O
VMCA
Minimum controlled speed in the air => Flaps T/O, Gear up
VMCL
Minimum controlled speed for landing
Why is an aft, why a forward C.G. limit established?
aft: stability fwd: controllability
The static margin is equal to the distane between:
the CG and the NP
When the CG is close to the forward limit:
very hight stick forces are require for pitch because the aircraft is very stable
Dihedral angle is:
the upward and outward inclination of the main planes to the horizontal datum
helix angle
angle between the rotational speed and relative speed
pitch angle propeller
Angle between rotational speed and chord line
reference point propeller
where the resultant thrust force of a bald acts
Geometric pitch
distance a propeller should advance in one revolution
propeller: feather position
lowest drag for the aeroplane => 90 degrees => used on a failed engine of a multi-engine aeroplane to keep draw as slow as possible
propeller: Cruise pitch
between coarse (high pitch) and fine (low pitch)
propeller: Ground fine
the thrust is approximately zero => aeroplane is not moving
propeller: full reverse
max reverse thrust
propeller: Why is the pitch angle high at the root and low at the blade tip ?
to maintain the optimum AOA from the blade root to the blade tip
If teh aircraft is properöy loaded the CG, the neutral point and the manouvre point will be in the order given, forward to aft?
CG, neutral point, manoeuvre point
accelerate
beschleunigen
equidistant
gleich weit entfernt
obtain
erhalten
increase
zunehmen
dynamischer Druck
1/2 * p(Roh) * v^2
Lift in Newton
dynamischer Druck (1/2 * Roh * v^2) * s (Fläche) * CI (Koeffizient)
Kraft F in N
influence that causes a body to undergo a certain change in movement. ⇒ F (N) = m(kg)* a(m/s^2)
Arbeit (W)
Work (W)= Force x Distance Unit = Joule (J)
Leistung (P)
Power = Force x Velocity Unit = Watt
Gravitationskraft:
9.81 m/sec2
shape of an airfoil
Profil eines Flügels
Vektor:
Vektor: Grösse, welche auch durch ihre Richtung bestimmt ist
Weight:
Weight: the gravitational force onto a body. ⇒ In N
Mass:
Mass: the resistance that a body exhibits in response to a force which acce-lebrates or slows down the body Masse ⇒ Materie in a body
Acceleration
Acceleration: The rate at which the speed of an object changes = Beschleunigung ⇒ a = F / m
Coanda Effekt:
Coanda Effekt: ein strömendes Fluid mit Kontakt mit einer gebogenen Ober-fläche hat die Neigung der Biegung der Oberfläche zu folgen
Dichte (p) =
Masse pro Volumen = Mit zunehmender Höhe = Dichte nimmt ab è Hohe Temperatur + hoher Airport = selten gut p (N/m2) = p (kg/m3) * Rair * T(K) Rair = 287
atmospheric pressure =
weight of air column / area
totaler Druck
• Totaler Druck (pt): statischer (q)+ dynamischer Druck (ps)
Das Trägheitsgesetz = Gerade aus fliegen
Jeder Körper verharrt in Ruhe oder behält eine gleichförmige, geradlinige Bewegung bei, solange keine äussere Kraft auf ihn einwirkt, oder die äusse-ren Kräfte im Gleichgewicht sind d.h. sich gegenseitig aufheben
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Lernkarten
The static margin is equal to the distane between:
the CG and the NP
When the CG is close to the forward limit:
very hight stick forces are require for pitch because the aircraft is very stable
Dihedral angle is:
the upward and outward inclination of the main planes to the horizontal datum
helix angle
angle between the rotational speed and relative speed
pitch angle propeller
Angle between rotational speed and chord line
reference point propeller
where the resultant thrust force of a bald acts
Geometric pitch
distance a propeller should advance in one revolution
propeller: feather position
lowest drag for the aeroplane => 90 degrees => used on a failed engine of a multi-engine aeroplane to keep draw as slow as possible
propeller: Cruise pitch
between coarse (high pitch) and fine (low pitch)
propeller: Ground fine
the thrust is approximately zero => aeroplane is not moving
propeller: full reverse
max reverse thrust
propeller: Why is the pitch angle high at the root and low at the blade tip ?
to maintain the optimum AOA from the blade root to the blade tip
If teh aircraft is properöy loaded the CG, the neutral point and the manouvre point will be in the order given, forward to aft?
CG, neutral point, manoeuvre point
