Pilotenausbildung: Radio Navigation

Prep für ATPL

Prep für ATPL

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Max & Moritz

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Max & Moritz

About these flashcards

Diese Lernkarten vermitteln die Grundlagen der Funknavigation für Piloten, wobei Frequenzen, Wellenlängen und technische Details wie MHz, Hz oder km im Mittelpunkt stehen. Es werden ILS-Kategorien, VOR- und NDB-Systeme sowie Signalausbreitung, Modulation und Reichweiten behandelt, inklusive typischer Fehlerquellen wie Refraktion oder Quadrantaleffekte. Ideal für Flugschüler und Piloten, die ihr Wissen zu Navigationssystemen vertiefen oder sich auf Prüfungen vorbereiten möchten.

Flashcards

53

Students

10

Language

English

Category

General Education

Level

Other

Created / Updated

28.08.2012 / 04.04.2026

DME (Frequencies, channels and spacing)

- UHF Band 960-1215 MHz

- 252 channels (126Y and 126X)

- spacing between interrogation and reply: 63MHz

DME Range

up to 200-300NM

DME Accuracy

+/- 0.25NM (+0.2NM by the equipment built after 1989)

DME identification

- once every 40 seconds

- at 1350 MHz

ILS localiser lobes

from approaching aircraft´s sight

left: Yellow sector, 90 Hz tone

right: Blue sector, 150 Hz tone

ILS Localiser Range

To each side of the centreline:

10 degrees for 25NM

35 degrees for 17NM

GP Coverage

to each side of the centreline:

8 degrees up to 10NM

vertical coverage:

from 0.45 x glide path angle to 1.75 x glide path angle

Outer Marker

- Blue

- 400 Hz

- 2 dashes/sec

Middle Marker

- Amber

- 1300 Hz

- Alt dots and dashes

Inner Marker

- White

- 3000 Hz

- 6 dots/sec

ILS Instrument

- Loc: 1 dot = 0.5° (full deflection 2.5°, tolerance half scale)

- GP: full deflection = 0.7° (tolerance 1 dot = 0.35°)

GP False Beams

1. false GP: 2 x glide angle

2. false GP: 3 x glide angle

3. false GP: 4 x glide angle

ILS Accuracy

- bending

- scalloping

- beam noise

ILS Category: Cat 1

DH 200ft

RVR 500m

ILS Category: Cat 2

DH 100ft

RVR 350m

ILS Category: Cat 3a

DH <100ft

RVR 200m

ILS Category: Cat 3b

DH <50ft

RVR <200m (not less 50m)

ILS Category: Cat 3c

no restrictions

ILS 3° ROD

ROD = GS x 5

ROD = Speed Factor x glide angle x 100

ILS height over threshold

Height (ft) = Distance from Threshold x 300 + 50

Speed of radio wave

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

300´000´000 m/s ; 161´800 NM/s

Radio wave formula

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

velocity of propagation (c) = fequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

NDB (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

190-1750 kHz

HF Communication (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

2-25 MHz

ILS Marker (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

75 MHz

ILS Localiser (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

108-112 MHz

VOR (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

108-118 MHz

VHF Communication (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

118-137 MHz

ILS Glide Slope (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

328,6-335,4 MHz

DME (frequencies)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

960-1215 MHz

SSR/TCAS (frequencies)

1030-1090 MHz

Radio Altimeter (frequencies)

4200-4400 MHz

MLS (frequencies)

5031-5091 MHz

Weather Radar (frequencies)

9375 MHz

Radio Frequency Band (Eselsbrücke)

VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, EHF

steps are: 3-30-300-3-30-300 kHz-MHz-GHz

VHF: 30-300 MHz

Definition: Attenuation

Attenuation is the reduction of signal strength due to absorbtion, scattering and geometrical dispersion.

Amplitude Modulation (AM)

carrier wave is changed in the length of its amplitude. The frequency remains constant.

Frequency Modulation (FM)

The frequency is modulated and the amplitude remains constant.

Phase Modulation

This type of modulation is used by transmissions of digital signals and codes (00010110011011)

Pulse Modulation

Switching on and of the carrier wave. Morsing by transmitting the carrier wave pulses.

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Flashcards

Outer Marker

- Blue

- 400 Hz

- 2 dashes/sec

Middle Marker

- Amber

- 1300 Hz

- Alt dots and dashes

Inner Marker

- White

- 3000 Hz

- 6 dots/sec

ILS Instrument

- Loc: 1 dot = 0.5° (full deflection 2.5°, tolerance half scale)

- GP: full deflection = 0.7° (tolerance 1 dot = 0.35°)

GP False Beams

1. false GP: 2 x glide angle

2. false GP: 3 x glide angle

3. false GP: 4 x glide angle

ILS Accuracy

- bending

- scalloping

- beam noise

ILS Category: Cat 1

DH 200ft

RVR 500m

ILS Category: Cat 2

DH 100ft

RVR 350m

ILS Category: Cat 3a

DH <100ft

RVR 200m

ILS Category: Cat 3b

DH <50ft

RVR <200m (not less 50m)

ILS Category: Cat 3c

no restrictions

ILS 3° ROD

ROD = GS x 5

ROD = Speed Factor x glide angle x 100

ILS height over threshold

Height (ft) = Distance from Threshold x 300 + 50

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