Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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Englisch

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Medizin

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Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

23.11.2016 / 25.08.2019

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1. peripheral chemoreceptors

a. Are in the aortic and carotid bodies

b. Are stimulated by decrease in partial pressure of O2 (60mmHG triggers increase in ventilation)

c. Are stimulated by increase in partial pressure of CO2 and decrease in pH

d. All answers are correct

6. switch off neurons that shorten inspiration

a. Have stimulating signals from pneumotaxic center

b. Have inhibiting signals from pneumotaxic center

c. Have signals from central chemoreceptors

d. Answer a and c is correct

8. total lung capacity equals:

a. IRV+TV+ERV+RV

b. VC + TV

c. IRV + TV + ERV

d. TLC – RV

9. the basic rhythm of respiration is generated by neurons located in the medulla. Which of the following limits the duration of inspiration and increases respiratory rate?

a. Dorsal respiratory group

b. Apneutic center

c. Pneumotaxic center

d. Ventral respiratory group

4. Increase in CO2 concentration in blood will:

A. Stimulate central chemoreceptors in order to increase hydrogen ions level in blood

B. Decrease minute ventilation and vital capacity of lungs

C. Increase breath rate and CO2 expulsion

D. Trigger baroreflex and renal flow

31. Anatomic dead space:

A. Is in low parts of airways

B. Equals 150ml

C. Is in upper parts of lungs

D. Answer B and C is correct

47. The form of hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide attached is called:

HbCO2

A. Carboxyhemoglobin

B. Carbaminohemoglobin

C. Methemoglobin

D. Deoxyhemoglobin

54. In the following reaction, what does A represent?CO2 + H2O <—-> H2CO3 <—> H+ + A

H2CO3 = carbonic acid

equation performed by carbonic anhydrase in the RBC

A. Bicarbonate

B. Carbonic acid

C. Carbonic anhydrase

D. Hemoglobin

57. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is influenced by:

A. Partial pressure gradients

B. Diffusion distance

C. Surface area and membrane thickness

D. All answers are correct

5. Physiologic role of the pneumataxic centre comprise all functions listed below EXCEPT:

a)coordination of transition between inhalation and exhalation

b)inhibition of the inspiratory area

c)controlling voluntary forced exhalation

d)tuning of respiration rate

e)overriding the apneustic area

6. In patients with chronic respiratory failure (i.e. with a permanent hypercapnia= elevated CO2 levels) the most powerful stimulation of respiratory centre results from

a)hypoxemia (low level of O2)

b)hypoxia

c)acidosis

d)chest deflection

The Bohr effect causes that the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases and occurs when

a. pH decreases in tissues and temperature increase

b. pH increases in tissues and temperature increases

c. pH increases in lungs and temperature decreases

d. pH increases in lungs and temperature increses

Parasympathetic stimulation of tissues in walls of bronchioles causes:

Bronchodilation

Increased blood flow

Dilation of alveoli

Bronchoconstriction (histamine/leukotrine)

Obturation in airways causes that

A.Tiffenau index is decreased

B.Inspiration is prolonged

C. Expiration is prolonged

D.Answer a and c are correct

Surfactant:

Is composed of collagen and elastin

Decreases lung compliance

Decreases respiratory work

All the answers are correct

Which of the below mentioned statements is incorrect

During inspiration pressure in alveoli decreases in reference to the atmosphere

During inspiration intrapleural pressure remains unchanged

Severe hydrothorax may impair vital capacity

Pneumothorax is a lung collapse due to intrusion of air into pleural cavity

The significant reduction in lung diffusion capacity is manifested by

Hipoxemia and hypercapnia

Hipoxemia

Hipocapria

Hypercapnia

Hering-Breuer reflex is triggered by

Stimulation of baroreceptors

Stimulation of chemoreceptors

Stimulation of stretch receptors

Stimulation of beta-receptors

If you treat a patient with bronchoconstriction using beta-agonist, a possible side effect which is:

A. saliva overproduction

B. increasing of blood pressure

C. tachycardia

D. excessive sweating

E. none from the above

70% of CO2 transported in body is in form of?

D. Bicarbonates in plasma

Most of Bicarbonates is formed in the:

A. plasma because of presence of carbonic anhydrase

B. platelets because of presence of carbonic anhydrase

C. leukocytes because of presence of carbonic anhydrase

D. erythrocytes because of presence of carbonic anhydrase

Choose correct sentence:

A. RBC shrink during hemolysis in hypotonic solution of NaCl

B. hemoglobin of hemolyzed RBC dissolves in the erythrocyte

C. hemoglobin of hemolyzed RBC enters plasma

D. hemolysis does not occur in distilled water

9. Sudden decrease in atmospheric oxygen concentration will:

a) cause increase in heart rate and decrease in breath rate

b) increase in cardiac output and breath rate

c) will not influence significantly respiratory and cardiovascular physiology

d) decrease in diastolic blood pressure

The symptom of overactivity of parasympathetic system is:

a. tachycardia

b. slowed heart rate

c. constriction of bronchi

d. answers b and c are correct

2) Pressure and volume of gas in a container are related to temperature and number of gas molecules. This is known as ________ law.

A) Henry's

B) Boyle's

C) the ideal gas

D) Ohm's

E) Dalton's

6) Alveolar ventilation refers to the

A) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

B) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.

C) movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

D) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.

E) movement of air into and out of the lungs.

15) Which of the following features of the alveolar sacs allows for the ease of diffusion of gasses?

A) Type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant.

B) They are made of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium and elastin fibers allow the alveoli to stretch thin enough for diffusion to occur.

C) Elastin fibers allow the alveoli to stretch thin enough for diffusion to occur.

D) They are made of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium.

19) Dalton's law states that

A) in a mixture of gases like air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

B) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional.

C) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

D) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

E) None of the answers are correct.

22) In quiet breathing,

A) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

B) inspiration and expiration are both passive processes.

C) inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions.

D) inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.

E) None of the answers are correct.

23) Boyle's law states that gas volume is

A) inversely proportional to pressure.

B) directly proportional to pressure.

C) inversely proportional to temperature.

D) directly proportional to temperature.

E) None of the answers are correct.

25) A typical value for intrapleural pressure is ________ mm Hg.

A) +6

B) -3

C) -6

D) +3

E) 0

30) If a student inhales as deeply as possible and then blows the air out until he cannot exhale any more, the amount of air that he expelled is his

A) vital capacity.

B) expiratory reserve volume.

C) tidal volume.

D) minimal volume.

E) inspiratory reserve volume.

33) In the lungs, the

A) blood flow rate and the blood pressure are the same as in other tissues.

B) blood flow rate is higher and the blood pressure is higher, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues.

C) blood flow rate is lower and the blood pressure is lower, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues.

D) blood flow rate is lower and the blood pressure is higher, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues.

E) blood flow rate is higher and the blood pressure is lower, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues.

35) Flow of air

A) is directly proportional to the resistance, and flow increases as the resistance of the system increases.

B) is directly proportional to the resistance, and flow decreases as the pressure of the system increases.

C) is directly proportional to a pressure gradient, and flow increases as the resistance of the system increases.

D) is directly proportional to a pressure gradient, and flow decreases as the resistance of the system increases.

E) None of the answers are correct.

36) An increase in PCO2 would cause

A) the bronchioles to dilate and the systemic arterioles to dilate.

B) the bronchioles to dilate and the systemic arterioles to constrict.

C) the bronchioles to constrict and the systemic arterioles to constrict.

D) the bronchioles to constrict and the systemic arterioles to dilate.

E) None of the answers are correct.

37) Chronic inhalation of fine particles that reach the alveoli leads to ________ lung disease.

A) obstructive

B) fibrotic

C) compliant

D) restrictive

E) congestive

4) Of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases, the most variable and, therefore, 4) important factor to consider is the

A) membrane surface area.

B) diffusion distance.

C) membrane thickness.

D) concentration gradient.

E) electrical charge.

6) The lung pathology most likely to result from certain kinds of heart disease is

A) emphysema.

B) lung cancer.

C) asthma.

D) pulmonary edema.

E) fibrotic lung disease.

7) Hypoxia resulting from fluid accumulation in the alveoli that cannot be corrected by oxygen 7) therapy can lead to

A) fibrotic lung disease.

B) sudden infant death syndrome.

C) emphysema.

D) adult respiratory distress syndrome.

E) asthma.

12) At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________% saturated with oxygen.

A) 75

B) 50

C) 10

D) over 90

E) 25

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