Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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Englisch

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Medizin

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Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

23.11.2016 / 25.08.2019

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22) Stimuli for the activation of the RAS pathway include

A) low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron only.

B) high blood pressure in the renal artery only.

C) a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule only.

D) low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule.

E) low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron, a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule, and high blood pressure in the renal artery.

19) Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?

A) to increase passive reabsorption of water

B) to decrease blood pressure

C) to decrease osmolarity inside the nephron

D) to make urine less concentrated

18) When baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies register increased blood pressure, this results in

A) increased thirst.

B) decreased urine production.

C) secretion of vasopressin.

D) increased glomerular filtration.

E) inhibition of vasopressin secretion.

17) When venous return is increased, stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated. This 17) results in

A) secretion of vasopressin.

B) increased thirst.

C) inhibition of vasopressin secretion.

D) decreased urine production.

E) increased glomerular filtration.

16) The hormone vasopressin

A) stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.

E) All of the answers are correct.

B) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolarity.

C) stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium ions.

D) stimulates the kidneys to produce a large volume of urine

15) Osmoreceptors depolarize after they ________ in response to ________ plasma osmolarity.

A) shrink, decreased

B) swell, increased

C) swell, decreased

D) shrink, increased

10) Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of

A) both passive and active transport processes.

B) osmosis.

C) exchange with ions.

D) cotransport with ions.

8) Kidneys regulate

A) water gain only.

B) water loss only.

C) both water loss and gain.

4) The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are

A) urinary and respiratory.

B) urinary and cardiovascular.

C) digestive and respiratory.

D) digestive and cardiovascular.

E) cardiovascular and respiratory.

119.Which of the following respond to bacterial infection

a. Neutrophil

b. Monocyte

c. Basophil

d. Eosinophil

e. Lymphocyte

120.Which Immunoglobulin is in saliva

IgA

123.Which hormone bind to T1 receptor

Glucocorticoid , mineralocorticoid, androgen

124.Which hormone binds to T2 receptor

Estrogen and Progesterone

129.Which is bigger , glomerular capillary pressure or normal capillary pressure

Glomerular is higher

The time period between closure of aortic valve and opening of mitral valve is called:

a. isovolumic relaxation

b. isotonic relaxation

c. isovolumic contraction

d. isotonic contraction

ANP is:

a. enzyme, which is produced by left atrium of heart

b. responsible for fluid reuptake from kidneys

c. peptide released from left atrium to increase natriuresis and fluid expulsion

d. none of the aforementioned answers is correct

Which of the following statements about platelets is true:

a. they contribute to stoppage of bleeding

b. they have ability to aggregate in response to damage of vessel wall and some humoral facts

c. answer a and b are correct

d. none of the answers is correct

Platelets are produced in:

a. lymphatic nodes

b. bone marrow and lymphatic nodes

c. bone marrow

d. spleen

Which of the following statements about platelets is false:

a) platelets are necessary for normal activation of coagulation

b) platelets are produced mainly in spleen

c) aspirin blocks aggregation of platelets

d) platelets build clotting plug in the place of vessel rupture

Atropin administered to eye's mucous membrane will:

a. constrict pupil

b. dilate pupil

c. not change the diameter of pupil

d. only increase activity of lacrimal glands

Intravenous administration of atropine will cause:

a) blockade of nicotine receptors

b) stimulation of nicotine and muscarinic receptors

c) stimulation of muscarinic receptors and dilatation of pupil

d) blockade of muscarinic receptors and dilatation of pupil

Coagulation of blood is an example of:

a) setpoint

b) negative biofeedback

c) positive biofeedback

d) none of the aforementioned answers is correct

Hemophilia is caused by:

a) depletion of Factor II

b) depletion of Factor V

c) increase in blood concentration of Factor VII

d) depletion of Factor VIII

Which of the statements about tissue plasminogen activatior (tPA) is correct

a) tPA is produced by platelets

b) tPA enchances coagulation

c) tPA contributes to increased platelet aggregation

d) tPA contributes to disintegration of fibrin

Tissue tromboplastin activates:

a) Intrinsic coagulation pathway

b) Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathway

c) Extrinsic coagulation pathway

d) None of the aforementioned answers is correct

Preservation of human body hemostasis depends on:

a) Negative biofeedback

b) Balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis

c) Normal structure of vascular wall endothelium

d) Answer b and c are correct

What occurs following activation of basophiles?

a. Decreased motion of neutrophils

b. Decreased ameboid motion

c. Contraction of blond vessels

d. Increased capillary permeability

What happens following presentation of antigen by a macrophage?

a. Direct gerneration of antibodies

b. Increase in phagocytosis

c. Activation of helper T cells

d. Activation of cytotoxic T cells

Which cells secrete circulating antibodies?

a. T helper lymphocytes

b. T suppressor lymphocytes

c. Plasma cells

d. T killer lymphocytes

Interleukin – 2 (IL-2) is the impot and molecule in the immune response. What is its function?

a. It binds to and presents antigen

b. It stimulates proliferation of cytotoxic T cells

c. It kills virus – infected cells

d. It required for proliferation of helper T cells

Which of the following steroid hormones cannot be synthesized to appreciable degree of zona fasciculata?

Zona Fasciculata - glucocorticoids(cortisol)

Zona Glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Zona reticularis - androgens (sex hormones)

A. Aldosterone

B. Cortisol

C. Corticosterone

D. dehydropiandrosterone

A human is administered cortisol. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

A. Increased ACTH secretion

B. Increased cortisol secretion

C. Increased insulin secretion

D. Increased muscle mass

In controlling angiotensin secretion, angiotensin II acts on which of the following structures?

A. Zona glomerulosa

B. Zona fasciculosa

C. Zona reticularis

D. Adrenal medulla

35. The normal hematocrit is approximately:

A. 25% in men, 20% in women

B. 28% in men, 20% in women

C. 42% in men, 45% in women

D. 45% in men, 42% in women

34. Type B blood contains:

A. B antigen on its red cell membranes and beta agglutinin in the plasma

B. B antigen in the plasma and beta agglutinin on its red cell membranes

C. B antigen on its red cell membranes and alpha agglutinin in the plasma

D. B antigen in the plama and alpha agglutinin on its red cell membranes

33. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases when:

A. concentration of plasma immunoglobulins increases

B. count of erythrocytes increase

C. concentration of Albumins increases

D. count of erythrocytes decreases

45. stimulation of which receptor will cause excessive mucus production?

A. adrenergic

B. histaminic

C. dopaminergic

D. cholinergic

During childhood, this endocrine gland influences the maturation of a population of white blood cells called T lymphocytes that are important in the immune response.

d) thymus

20. lymphocytes B are responsible for:

a. stimulation of macrophages

b. inhibition of humoral immune responses

c. production of antibodies as a plasma cells

d. answers A and B are correct

21. which of the following statements characterizes macrophages:

a. they are antigen- presenting cells

b. they are phagocytes

c. they usually do not participate in immune response

d. answers A and B are correct

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