57) Norepinephrine binding to alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle causes ________ and epinephrine binding to alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle causes ________.

vasoconstriction vasoconstriction

Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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Über diese Lernkartei

This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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Erstellt / Aktualisiert

23.11.2016 / 25.08.2019

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44) If a person is bedridden for several days, the baroreceptor reflex may fail upon standing. Why?

A) Blood pools in the feet and legs

B) Blood pools in the feet and legs and there is reduced blood flow to the brain.

C) There is reduced blood flow to the brain.

D) The kidneys have reduced the blood volume.

E) All of the statements are correct.

87) ________ refers to the mass movement of fluid between the blood and the interstitial fluid as the result of ________ or ________ pressure gradients. If the direction of bulk flow is into
the capillary, the fluid movement is called ________. If the direction of flow is out of the capillary, the fluid movement is known as ________.

Bulk flow

hydrostatic & osmotic

absorption

filtration

88) During the fight-or-flight reaction, ________ is released from the adrenal medulla and binds to ________ receptors, found on the vascular smooth muscle of heart, liver, and
skeletal muscle arterioles and results in ________ (increased/decreased) blood flow to these organs; the same hormone binds to ________ receptors on other tissues, causing ________ (increased/decreased) blood flow to these organs.

epinephrine

ß2 receptors (vasodilation)

increased

alpha receptors (vasoconstriction)

decrease

67) Receptors that monitor blood pressure are called ________.

baroreceptors

64) The turbulent flow of blood causes a noise called a ________ that can be heard through the 64) stethoscope when taking blood pressure.

korotkoff sound

63) Capillary exchange involving movement through the cells is called ________ transport.

transendothelial

57) Norepinephrine binding to alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle causes ________ and epinephrine binding to alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle causes ________.

vasoconstriction

55) Mean arterial pressure is ________ (indirectly/directly) proportional to ________ and 55) ________ (indirectly/directly) proportional to ________.

directly - Cardiac output

directly resistance in arterioles

52) The rapid pressure increase that occurs when the left ventricle pushes blood into the aorta 52) can be felt as ________.

pulse

51) Blood pressure is highest in the ________ and decreases continuously as blood flows 51) through the circulatory system, due to ________.

arteries

friction

9. Which of the following statements is correct concerningthe renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system?

A. Cells in the kidney release renin when either blood pressure or blood sodium level drop

B. Aldosteron causes the kidney to increase excretion of sodium and indirectly causes a decrease in blood volume

C. Angiotensin II inhibits the release of aldosterone

D. Renin directly stimulates secretion of aldosterone

14. Kidneys regulate systemic blood pressure through the following mechanism:

A. Fluid load regulation, renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system, vasopressin synthesis

B. Fluid load regulation, renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system, prostaglandin release, repute of potassium ions induced by aldosterone

C. Fluid load regulation, renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system, reuptake of soduim ions induced by aldosteron in response to drop in blood pressure

D. Fluid load, reuptake of sodium ions induced by aldosterone in response to increase in blood pressure

16. Choose incorrect sentence:

A. Cortisol elevates blood glucose concentration

B. Cortisol enhances lipogenesis

C. Cortisol causes the breakdown of skeletal muscle proteins

D. Cortisol suppresses the immune system

29. Glomerular filtration rate can be determined by calculating real clearance of:

A. Glucose

B. Inulin

C. Renin

D. Urea

34. Regarding the countercurrent multiplier system:

A. The descending limb of the loop of Henle produces a hypotonic filtrate

B. Interaction between ascending and descending tubular flow in the loop of Henle where the more salt is extruded, the more concentrated the tissue fluid will be, is an example of negative feedback

C. Salt becomes recirculated and trapped in the medullary tissue fluid, increasing in “saltiness” as it accumulated toward the lower tip of the pyramids

D. Water is retain in the medulla by the higher colloid osmotic pressure than that of the blood in the vasa recta capillaries

39. Which immunoglobulin is found secreted in the secondary response?

A. Ig G

B. Ig E

C. Ig D

D. Ig M

40. Which of the following hormones helps to maintainblood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis?

A. Thyroid hormone

B. Cortisol

C. Insulin

D. Aldosterone

48. During the processing of the glomerular ultra filtrate:

A. Compounds present in excess of the transport maximum for transport protein will appear in the urine

B. The majority of glucose is reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule

C. ADH alters the permeability of all portions of the tubule to water

D. The fluid volume is reduced to 1/2 of its original volume by the proximal convoluted tubule

2. Glomerular filtration rate is:

A. 250 ML/MIN

b. 1250 ml/min

c. 125 ml/min

d. 50 ml/min

1. MOST OF GLUCOSE THAT IS FILTRATED THROUGH THE GLOMERULUS IS REABSORBED IN THE:

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. descending limb of loop of Henle

c. ascending limb of loop of Henle

d. distal convoluted tubule

3. Filtration occurs in the:

a. glomerulus

b. loop of Henle

c. collecting duct

d. a+b+c

Which part of nephron is not permeable to water:

a. descending loop of Henle

b. proximal tubule

c. collecting duct

d. acending limb of loop of Henle

Secretion occurs in:

a. glomerulus

b. loop of Henle

C. distal tubule

d. b+c

6. The antidiuretic effect of vasopressin is maily caused by:

a. a decreased permeability of the glomerular membrane to water

b. a decreased permeability of the loop of Henle to water

c. a markedly increased permeability of the distal tubule to water

d. an increased transport of sodium into the lumen of acending limb of loop of Henle

7. Glomerular filtrate doesnt consist of:

a. glucose

b. proteins

c. blood cells

d. b+c

17.Contstriction of the renal AFF glomerular arterioles tend to_____ glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and ______ renal blood flow

Decrease / Decrease

3. Point the correct connection

a. albumins transport proteins; globulins take part in immunity ; fibrinogen forms blood cloth

b. albumins take part in immunity, globulins transport proteins, fibrinogens forms blood cloth

c. albumins form blood cloth, globulins take part in immunity, fibrinogen-transport protein

d. albumins transport proteins, globulins-form blood cloth, fibrinogen-takes part in immunity

4. The main role of blood is:

a. transport

b. defense

c. merging

d. every function is important and no one is the main

6. Antigen D appears:

a. on RBC membrane

b. in body fluids and every cell of body

c. every cell of body except nervous cells

d. in the blood plasma

7. Haemostasis is:

a. the element of dynamic balance of the organism

b. ability to stopping bleading after blood vessels damage

c. complex of mechanisms providing the blood fluidity

d. every answer is correct

False statement is that:

a. Macula dense cells secrete vasoconstrictor when GFR falls down

b. Filtration membrane is permeable to glucose

c. Concentration of glucose in filtered fluid is the same as in plasma

d. Filtration fraction is 20%

7. all of the follow will cause hypothalamus to effect ADH release except:

a. decrease blood osmolarity

8. concentration of following substance in glomerular filtate is not the same in plasma:

a. protein

14. After Hemorhage , reabsorbtion of fluid into the circulation occurs as a compensatory mechanism because

a. Release of Angiotensin 2 is inhibited

b. the colloid osmotic pressure differes btw plasma and tissue is reduced

c. urine output increases

d. the colloid pressure of plasma is reduced

e. the capillary pressure is reduced

7. Which plays a role in controlling RBC prod.

a. Hypocapnia

b. Erythropoietin from kidney

c. Hypothalamus

d. Renin Production in Kidney

e. GH hormone

2. Function of plasma protein except

a. -Immun. respone

b. -maintaining colloid osmotic pressure

c. -blood clotting

d. -regulating blood PH

e. -Maintaing a 300 mosml. pressure

4.Which parameter isnt physiological

a. hematocrit .45

b. hemoglobin 150

c. MCV 10

d. MCHC 350

e. All are physiological

6.Brain Bridge Reflex

a. Stim. atrial mechanoreceptors result in tachycardia and increases cardiac output

b. bradycardia and dec. cardiac output

c. decrease in symp activity when BP at carotid sinus raises

d. Increase in symp activity when BP at Carotid sinus raises

e. Right atrial leads to a decrease in cardiac output

16. If an organs metaboloic activity increases which of the following events will most likely occur

a. Mean Arterial pressure is decreased the blood flow increases

b. dopamin is released from the adrenal medulla and arterioles will dilate

c. parasymp. nerves are stim and artioles dilate

d. arterioles for the organ dilate in response to local chemical change

70) The most potent stimulus for vasopressin release is

A) blood pressure.

B) blood volume.

C) plasma osmolarity.

D) low potassium.

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