The beta-receptors stimulation in heart causes:

a. Dilation of coronary vessels & c. Increase in heart rate & d. A and c are true

Physio Final Exam

Human Body

451

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E. B.

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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451

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Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Médecine

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

23.11.2016 / 25.08.2019

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22. Assuming that stroke volume and heart rate remains constant, increased total peripheral resistance (TPR) will result in:

A. Increased mean arterial pressure

B. Decreased mean arterial pressure

C. Unaltered mean arterial pressure (TPR does not affect mean arterial pressure)

D. Lower blood pressure in the arterial system and higher blood pressure in the venous system

What are two effects of angiotensin II?

a. Is a vasodilator and therefore raises blood pressure in the body ́s arterioles, it stimulates the cells of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone vasopressin

b. Is a vasoconstrictor and therefore raises blood pressure in the veins, it stimulates the cells of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone renin

c. Is a vasoconstrictor and therefore raises blood pressure in the body ́s arterioles, it stimulates the cells of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone aldosterone

d. Is a vasoconstrictor and therefore raises blood pressure in the body ́s arterioles, it the cells of the adrenal medulla to release the hormone aldosterone

The beta-receptors stimulation in heart causes:

a. Dilation of coronary vessels

b. Decrease in heart rate

c. Increase in heart rate

d. A and c are true

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures is called the

a. Pulse pressure

b. Systemic pressure

c. Mean arterial pressure

d. Blood pressure

All the following statements concerning the conduction system of the heart are true EXCEPT that the:

a. Purkinje fibers spread the wave of depolarization to some contractile cells

b. Sino atrial node is located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava

c. Pacemaker is located at the sinoatrial node

d. Bundle of His is located at the atrioventricular septum

List the three factors which assist in returning blood to the heart

a. Cardiac output, muscular pump, respiratory pump

b. Venous valves ,muscular pump, respiratory pump

c. Cardiac output, venous valves, respiratory pump

d. Heart rate,cardiac output, venous valves

Cardiac output is equal to:

a. HR/SV

b. EDV-ESV

c. HRxSV

d. HRxBP

Depolarization in autorhythmic cells of the heart begin when:

a. The slow calcium channels open

b. The fast calcium channels open

c. The fast sodium channels open

d. A and B are correct

Blood flow in coronary arteries is biggest:

a. During systole and diastole

b. During diastole

c. Is not dependent of phase of heart cycle

d. During systole

Recording speed is 25 mm/s, R-R interval is 20 mm. What is the heart rate?

a. 75bpm

b. 100bpm

c. 50 bpm

d. 175bpm

15.Which of the following is not a method of Calcium removal follwoing contraction of heart muscles

a. NA-CA xchange transports CA out of the cell

b. ATP dependant CA Pumps move CA from the cytoplasm into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. CA passivly diffuses out of the cell

d. ATP dependant sarcolemmal CA pumps remove CA from the cell

18.Which of the following is false regarding the action of catocholamines on B adrenergic receptors

a. dilate blood vessels in S.M

b. increase the contractility of cardiac M

c. Increase cardiac output

d. increase the rate of discharge of SA node

e. Constrict coronary arteries

10.Dilation of the peripheral atrial blood vessels can be caused by

a. N.O

b. Thromboxane A2

c. Angiotensin 2

d. endothelin

e. kenin

11. Which of the following is incorrectly paired

a. increased PCO2 = pulmonart vasoconstr

b. stim of vagus N. in the neck =Bradycardia

c. Prostocyclin = Vasodil.

d. Increase H concentration in tissue = Vasocontrs. in tissue

e. A and D

12. Which statement is incorrect

a. Renin secr. is inhibited by distension of cardiac atria

b. ANH inhibits the NA reabsorption in the medullary part of collecting duct

c. ACE is located in pulmonary vessels

d. Secr. of Renin increases in response to prolonged low dietry salt intake

e. the glomerular filtration rate can be determined by inulin and creatinine

10. Severe human body dehydration will activate secretion of:

a) aldosterone, vasopressin, adrenalin, prolactin

b) only aldosterone

c) aldosterone, vasopressin, adrenalin, angiotensin I

d) aldosterone, vasopressin, adrenalin, angiotensin I and II

e) endothelin and oxytocin

Anaemia is manifested by:

a) Increased level hemoglobin

b) Decreased level of hemoglobin and lowered red blood count

c) Unchanged level of methemoglobin

d) Answer a and c are correct

Hemolysis is associated with:

a) Increased agglutionation of leukocytes and erythrocytes

b) Decreased synthesis of erythrocytes by bone barrow

c) Disintegration of erythrocytes by macrophages

d) Disruption of erythrocyte membrane by chemical compounds, toxins

Dehydration of human body (water depletion) will cause:

a) Increase in hematocrit

b) Decrease in hematocrit

c) Decrease in hematocrit and erythrocyte count

d) None of the aforementioned answers is correct

Beta receptors are mainly located in:

a) heart and bronchi

b) kidneys – this is correct as well!

c) brain and bronchi

d) alimentary tract

11. Which of the following mechanisms influence the peripheral vessel resistance:

A. Vasoactive nerves

B. Humoral factors like NO, noradrenaline

C. Renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system

D. All the answers are correct

12. The distance from the beginning of QRS complex to termination of T wave in electrocardiographic chart (ECG) is named:

A. ST segment

B. QRS-T segment

C. T segment

D. QT segment

13. In ECG chart P wave indicates at:

A. Ventricular contraction

B. Atrial contraction

C. Ventricular repolarization

D. None of the answers are correct

14. The pulse velocity (rate at which arterial vessel pulse propagates) depends on:

A. Blood pressure

B. Elasticity of arterial vessels

C. Answer A and B is correct

D. None of the answers is correct

5. The baroreceptors reflex causes:

A. Decrease in heart rate and in blood pressure

B. Increase in heart rate and in blood pressure

C. Decrease in heart rate and increase in blood pressure

D. Does not influence heart rate

28. The increase in renin secretion by kidneys can be induced by:

A. Fall in arterial blood pressure

B. Increase in arterial blood pressure

C. Increase in body fluid volume

D. Blood pressure does not influence renin secretion

22. Which of the following statements characterizes vasopressin:

A. Vasopressin is released by great vessels in to fall in blood pressure

B. Vasopressin is a hormone produced by pituitary gland in order to increase fluid reuptake from kidneys

C. Vasopressin is a hormone produced in hypothalamus in order to decrease in blood pressure and increase in fluid expulsion from kidneys

D. None of the answers is correct

7. The chronic abnormal increase in blood pressure in 46 year old man may be caused by:

a. overactivity of ACE system

b. oversecretion of aldosterone by suprarenal glands

c. decrease in sympathetic activity

d. answer a and b are correct

e. none of the above mentioned answers are correct

8. Increase in systolic blood pressure up to 190 mmHg as measured soon after very intensive physical exercise in a healthy volunteer is:

normal systolic is 120mmHg

a. pathological reaction

b. physiological reaction

c. related to decrease in cardiac output

d. related to increase in cardiac output

e. answer b and d are correct

6. The overactivity of the vagal nerve will:

a. decrease release of electrical impulses from natural pacemaker (auto rhythmic cells)

b. not influence the heart rhytm

c. increase the heart rate

d. slow down the heart rate

e. answer a and d are correct

Sudden decrease in systolic blood pressure because of peripheral vasodilation will cause:

a. decrease in breath rate and increase in heart rate

b. compensatory increase in cardiac output

c. unloading of baroreceptors

d. answer b and c are correct

2. Isovolumic relaxation time is:

a. a part of heart systole

b. a part of heart diastole

c. the time from the closure of aortic valve to opening of mitral valve

e d. answer b and c are correct

3. Stroke volume is dependent on:

a. fluid homeostasis

b. heart rate

c. contractility of heart muscle

d. Starling law

e. all ansers are correct

4. Left ventricular filling pressure is dependent on:

a. left ventricular systolic and diastolic heart function

b. venous return

c. only on diastolic heart function

d. none of the above - mentioned answers is correct

e. answer a and b are correct

5. Electrocardiography holter monitoring is used for:

a. detection of arhytmias

b. evaluation of phases of heart cycle

c. evalutation of heart valves

d. evaluation of heart muscle contractility

e. none of the above - mentioned answers are correct

4. During relative refractory period:

a. excitability of a neuron is higher

b. excitability of a neuron doesn ́t change

c. a second action potential cannot be triggered

d. a higher than threshold stimulus is required to trigger an action potential

3. The precence of myelin allows an axon to:

a. conduct more impulses more rapidly

b. produce more frequent action potentials

c. produce action potentials of larger amplitude

d. produce action potentials of longer duration

2. What causes the depolarization phase of the action potential:

a. K leaving the cell through voltage-gated channels

b. K being pumped into the cell by the Na-K-ATPase

c. Na being pumped into the cell by the Na-K-ATPase

d. Na entering the cell through voltage-gated channels

12. Recording speed is 25 mm/s, R-R interval is 15 mm. What is the heart rate?

a. 50 bpm

b. 75 bpm

c. 100 bpm

d. 150 bpm

11. In quadrant method the right axis deviation is:

a. • From 0’ to + 90’

b. From 0’ to -90’

c. From +90’ to +180’

d. From -90’ to +180’

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