Physio Final Exam

Human Body

451

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

Cartes-fiches

451

Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Médecine

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

23.11.2016 / 25.08.2019

Fichiers de cartes similaires

7. Which of the following stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

a. Calcitonin

b. PTH-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

c. Respiratory acidosis

D. Decrease in extracellular calcium ion activity.

a. Calcitonin

b. PTH-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

c. Respiratory acidosis

D. Decrease in extracellular calcium ion activity.

1. Calmodulin is most closely related, both structurally and functionally, to which of the following proteins?

A. G-actin.

B. Troponin C.

C. Troponin I.

D. Tropomyosin.

A. G-actin.

B. Troponin C.

C. Troponin I.

D. Tropomyosin.

1.Smooth muscle that exhibits rhythmical contraction in the absence of external stimuli

also necessarily exhibits which of the following?

A. Intrinsic pacemaker wave activity.

B. Higher resting cytosolic Ca++ concentration.

C. Hyperpolarized membrane potential.

D. Actionpotentialswith“plateaus”.

A. Intrinsic pacemaker wave activity.

B. Higher resting cytosolic Ca++ concentration.

C. Hyperpolarized membrane potential.

D. Actionpotentialswith“plateaus”.

1. Tetenic contraction of skeletal muscle fibers results from accumulative increase in the intraceullular contraction of which of the following?

A. Ca++.

B. Na++.

C. K+.

D. Troponin.

A. Ca++.

B. Na++.

C. K+.

D. Troponin.

1. Which of the following decreases in length during the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber?

A. Thin filaments.

B. Thick filaments.

C. I-band of the sacromere.

D. A-band of the sacromere.

A. Thin filaments.

B. Thick filaments.

C. I-band of the sacromere.

D. A-band of the sacromere.

1. A cross-sectional view of a skeletal muscle fiber through the H zone would the presence of what?

A. Actin but no myosin.

B. Actin and myosin.

C. Myosin but no actin.

D. Actin,myosin,and titin.

A. Actin but no myosin.

B. Actin and myosin.

C. Myosin but no actin.

D. Actin,myosin,and titin.

1. In normal, healthy muscle, what occurs as a result of propagation of an action potential to the terminal membrane of a motor neuron?

A. Depolarization of the T tubule membranes follows.

B. Always results in muscle contraction.

C. Increase in intracellular Ca++ concentration in the motor neuron terminal.

D. All of the above are correct.

A. Depolarization of the T tubule membranes follows.

B. Always results in muscle contraction.

C. Increase in intracellular Ca++ concentration in the motor neuron terminal.

D. All of the above are correct.

1. In what way does visceral smooth muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

A. Visceral smooth muscle can contract in response to stretch.

B. Visceral smooth muscle is capable of generating only about half the maximal force of contraction

C. Contraction of visceral smooth muscle is ATP dependent.

D. The rate of cross-bridge cycling in visceral smooth muscle is approximately 100 times faster than that in skeletal muscle.

A. Visceral smooth muscle can contract in response to stretch.

B. Visceral smooth muscle is capable of generating only about half the maximal force of contraction

C. Contraction of visceral smooth muscle is ATP dependent.

D. The rate of cross-bridge cycling in visceral smooth muscle is approximately 100 times faster than that in skeletal muscle.

1. Which of the following statements about smooth muscle contraction is most accurate?

A. It requires more energy than skeletal muscle contraction.

B. It can occur without the generation of an action potential.

C. It is shorter in duration than skeletal muscle.

D. It is Ca++ independent.

A. It requires more energy than skeletal muscle contraction.

B. It can occur without the generation of an action potential.

C. It is shorter in duration than skeletal muscle.

D. It is Ca++ independent.

1. Skeletal muscle contraction is terminated by which action?

A. Removal of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction.

B. Removal of Ca++ from the terminal of the motor neuron.

C. Closure of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

D. Removal of sarcoplasmic Ca++.

A. Removal of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction.

B. Removal of Ca++ from the terminal of the motor neuron.

C. Closure of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

D. Removal of sarcoplasmic Ca++.

1. Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle involves all of the following events except one. Which one is not involved?

A. Increase in the permeability of the muscle fibers to Na+.

B. Binding of Ca++ to calmodulin.

C. Depolarization of tubule T membrane.

D. ATP hydrolasis

A. Increase in the permeability of the muscle fibers to Na+.

B. Binding of Ca++ to calmodulin.

C. Depolarization of tubule T membrane.

D. ATP hydrolasis

1. Which of the following parts of the body has cortical motoneurons with the largest representation on the primary motor cortex area:

A. Kness

B. Trunk

C. Thorax

d. Fingers

A. Kness

B. Trunk

C. Thorax

d. Fingers

3.Which thalamic nucleus is relay station for sensory information from head region.

a. Necleus intralaminaris thalami

b Nucleus ventralis thalamis posterolateralis

c. Nucleus ventralis thaami anterior

d. Nucleus ventralis thalami posteromedialis

a. Necleus intralaminaris thalami

b Nucleus ventralis thalamis posterolateralis

c. Nucleus ventralis thaami anterior

d. Nucleus ventralis thalami posteromedialis

2. Which cerebellar neurons has inhibitory effects on deep cereballar nuclei-.

a. Basket cells

b. Purkynje cells

c. Golgi 2 cells

d. Granule cells

a. Basket cells

b. Purkynje cells

c. Golgi 2 cells

d. Granule cells

4. which ascending spinal tract is responsible for crude touch sensation:

a. spinothalamic anterior

b. spinothalamic lateralis

c. Fascicullus gracillis

d. Spinocerebellar dorsal

a. spinothalamic anterior

b. spinothalamic lateralis

c. Fascicullus gracillis

d. Spinocerebellar dorsal

5. which part of CNS use disinhibition to produce their effects:

A medulla oblongata

b. cerebellum

c. basal ganglia

d. reticular formation

A medulla oblongata

b. cerebellum

c. basal ganglia

d. reticular formation

10. which brodmans area is responsible for abbility to speak or write:

a. 6

b. 22

c. 39

d. 44

a. 6

b. 22

c. 39

d. 44

9. Which type of EEG waves has the highest frequency:

a. alpha

b. Beta

c Delta

d. Theta

a. alpha

b. Beta

c Delta

d. Theta

8. Which of the following mediators is not major for extrapyramidal system:

a. GABA

b. Dopamine

c. Noradrenaline

d. acetylcholine

a. GABA

b. Dopamine

c. Noradrenaline

d. acetylcholine

6. Which of the following structures has a primary function to coordinate rate, range and force and direction of movment:

a. Basal ganlia

b. Prefontal cortex

c. Cerebellum

d. Primary motor cortex

a. Basal ganlia

b. Prefontal cortex

c. Cerebellum

d. Primary motor cortex

1. Choose incorrect sentence: Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A. Inhibtis gallbladder contraction for bile release

B. Stimulates satiety

C. Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion

D. Is secreted in response to fatty acids

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

A. Inhibtis gallbladder contraction for bile release

B. Stimulates satiety

C. Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion

D. Is secreted in response to fatty acids

2. Hyperventilation results in the increase of arterial pO2 and reduction pCO2. What changes in diameter of cerebral vessels will be observed in these terms?

more pO2 / less pCO2

A. Dilatation of arteries

B. Dilatation of veins

C. Narrowing of arteries

D. The diameter of vessels will not change

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

A. Dilatation of arteries

B. Dilatation of veins

C. Narrowing of arteries

D. The diameter of vessels will not change

3. The value of Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC ratio) is predominantly determined by:

calculated ratio used in the diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive lung disease

A. Minute ventilation

B. Total lung capacity

C. Forced first second expiration

D. Forced inspiration

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

A. Minute ventilation

B. Total lung capacity

C. Forced first second expiration

D. Forced inspiration

Anatomical dead space is:

a. A volume left in the airways after the maximal exhalation

b. Not ventilated alveoli

c. A part of tidal volume which is not involved in gas exchange and is exhaled during next breathing cycle

d. All the answers are correct

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

a. A volume left in the airways after the maximal exhalation

b. Not ventilated alveoli

c. A part of tidal volume which is not involved in gas exchange and is exhaled during next breathing cycle

d. All the answers are correct

194.Resistance in airways leads to

a. Decreased Tidal Vol.

b. increased Tidal Vol.

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

a. Decreased Tidal Vol.

b. increased Tidal Vol.

Obstruction in airways causes that

a. Tiffenau index is decreased

b. Inspiration is prolonged

c. Expiration is prolonged

d. Answer a and c are correct

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

a. Tiffenau index is decreased

b. Inspiration is prolonged

c. Expiration is prolonged

d. Answer a and c are correct

Volume of air inhaled into the lungs depends on pressure changes in a pleural cave and on lung compliance, thus the changes of pressure in the airways result in volume changes of the chest cage.

a. Both sentences are true

b. Both sentences are false

c. Only the second sentence is truth

d. Only the first sentence is truth

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

a. Both sentences are true

b. Both sentences are false

c. Only the second sentence is truth

d. Only the first sentence is truth

11. a preterm infant has a surfactant deficiency. Without surfactant, many of the alveoli collapse at the end of each expiration, which lead to pulmonary failure. Which of the following changes is present in a preterm infant, compared with a normal infant?

Alveolar surface tension vs. pulmonary compliance

--> CHOOSE THE RIGHT PAIR

a. Decreased vs. increased

b. Increased vs. no change

c. Decreased vs. no change

d. Increased vs. decreased

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

d. increased alveolar surface tension and decreased pulmonary compliance

--> as type II alveolar cells produce surfactant which decreases surface tension to prevent collapse of alveoli

-> pulmonary compliance: is a measure of the lung's ability to stretch and expand (distensibility of elastic tissue)

2. anatomic dead space

Dead space= part in lung that does not participate in gas exchange

a. Is in low parts of airways

b. Equals 150 ml

c. Is in upper parts of airways

d. Answers b and c is correct

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

a. Is in low parts of airways

b. Equals 150 ml

c. Is in upper parts of airways

d. Answers b and c is correct

3. partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in alveolar air equals - in arteries:

a. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

b. P O2 = 100 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

c. PO2 = 100 mmHg, PCO2 = 40 mmHg

d. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 40 mmHg

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

a. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

b. P O2 = 100 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

c. PO2 = 100 mmHg, PCO2 = 40 mmHg

d. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 40 mmHg

3. partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in alveolar air equals - in veins:

a. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

b. P O2 = 40 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

c. PO2 = 100 mmHg, PCO2 = 40 mmHg

d. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 40 mmHg

a. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

b. P O2 = 40 mmHg, P CO2 = 46 mmHg

c. PO2 = 100 mmHg, PCO2 = 40 mmHg

d. P O2 = 95 mmHg, P CO2 = 40 mmHg

4. diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is influenced by:

a. Partial pressure gradients

b. Diffusion distance

c. Surface area and membrane thickness

d. All answers are correct

a. Partial pressure gradients

b. Diffusion distance

c. Surface area and membrane thickness

d. All answers are correct

5. vital capacity is:

a. The amount of air included between maximum inhale and quiet exhale

b. The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume and tidal volume

c. The sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

d. The sum of inspiratory reserve volume and residual volume

a. The amount of air included between maximum inhale and quiet exhale

b. The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume and tidal volume

c. The sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

d. The sum of inspiratory reserve volume and residual volume

7. tidal volume during quiet breathing equals:

a. 100 ml

b. 500 ml

c. 1200 ml

d. 1500 ml

a. 100 ml

b. 500 ml

c. 1200 ml

d. 1500 ml

13. hypercapnia:

a. Intensifies ventilation

b. Reduces ventilation

c. Turns of respiratory center

d. Answer b and c is correct

a. Intensifies ventilation

b. Reduces ventilation

c. Turns of respiratory center

d. Answer b and c is correct

10. a chemosensitive are located in the medulla modulates respiration when the blood level of certain substances is not optional. The chemosensitive area responds to changes in the blood levels of which of the following substances?

--> CHOOSE CORRECT ANSWER:

Oxygen(O2) Carbon Dioxide(CO2) Hydorgen Ion (H+)

a. No yes no

b. Yes yes yes

c. No yes yes

d. Yes yes no

c. respond to PCO2 and H+

Chemoreceptors in the medulla and carotid bodies respond to increased changs in PCO2 and little to H+

increased PCO2 = leads to increased ventilation

1. peripheral chemoreceptors

a. Are in the aortic and carotid bodies

b. Are stimulated by decrease in partial pressure of O2 (60mmHG triggers increase in ventilation)

c. Are stimulated by increase in partial pressure of CO2 and decrease in pH

d. All answers are correct

a. Are in the aortic and carotid bodies

b. Are stimulated by decrease in partial pressure of O2 (60mmHG triggers increase in ventilation)

c. Are stimulated by increase in partial pressure of CO2 and decrease in pH

d. All answers are correct

6. switch off neurons that shorten inspiration

a. Have stimulating signals from pneumotaxic center

b. Have inhibiting signals from pneumotaxic center

c. Have signals from central chemoreceptors

d. Answer a and c is correct

a. Have stimulating signals from pneumotaxic center

b. Have inhibiting signals from pneumotaxic center

c. Have signals from central chemoreceptors

d. Answer a and c is correct

8. total lung capacity equals:

a. IRV+TV+ERV+RV

b. VC + TV

c. IRV + TV + ERV

d. TLC – RV

a. IRV+TV+ERV+RV

b. VC + TV

c. IRV + TV + ERV

d. TLC – RV

9. the basic rhythm of respiration is generated by neurons located in the medulla. Which of the following limits the duration of inspiration and increases respiratory rate?

a. Dorsal respiratory group

b. Apneutic center

c. Pneumotaxic center

d. Ventral respiratory group

a. Dorsal respiratory group

b. Apneutic center

c. Pneumotaxic center

d. Ventral respiratory group

1 / 451

Cartes-fiches

1. Skeletal muscle contraction is terminated by which action?

A. Removal of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction.

B. Removal of Ca++ from the terminal of the motor neuron.

C. Closure of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

D. Removal of sarcoplasmic Ca++.

1. Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle involves all of the following events except one. Which one is not involved?

A. Increase in the permeability of the muscle fibers to Na+.

B. Binding of Ca++ to calmodulin.

C. Depolarization of tubule T membrane.

D. ATP hydrolasis

1. Which of the following parts of the body has cortical motoneurons with the largest representation on the primary motor cortex area:

A. Kness

B. Trunk

C. Thorax

d. Fingers

3.Which thalamic nucleus is relay station for sensory information from head region.

a. Necleus intralaminaris thalami

b Nucleus ventralis thalamis posterolateralis

c. Nucleus ventralis thaami anterior

d. Nucleus ventralis thalami posteromedialis

2. Which cerebellar neurons has inhibitory effects on deep cereballar nuclei-.

a. Basket cells

b. Purkynje cells

c. Golgi 2 cells

d. Granule cells

4. which ascending spinal tract is responsible for crude touch sensation:

a. spinothalamic anterior

b. spinothalamic lateralis

c. Fascicullus gracillis

d. Spinocerebellar dorsal

5. which part of CNS use disinhibition to produce their effects:

A medulla oblongata

b. cerebellum

c. basal ganglia

d. reticular formation

10. which brodmans area is responsible for abbility to speak or write:

a. 6

b. 22

c. 39

d. 44

9. Which type of EEG waves has the highest frequency:

a. alpha

b. Beta

c Delta

d. Theta

8. Which of the following mediators is not major for extrapyramidal system:

a. GABA

b. Dopamine

c. Noradrenaline

d. acetylcholine

6. Which of the following structures has a primary function to coordinate rate, range and force and direction of movment:

a. Basal ganlia

b. Prefontal cortex

c. Cerebellum

d. Primary motor cortex

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