Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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451

Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Médecine

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

23.11.2016 / 25.08.2019

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52. Which event best represents a nonspecific mechanismof an inflammatory reaction following the entry of bacteriathrough a break in the skin?

A. The activation of B lymphocytes to produce specific antibodies

B. Histamine vasodilatation and increase capillary permeability

C. Phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages; and the activation of the complement proteins

D. Chemotaxis and diapedesis of new phagocytes to the infected area

55. Which of the following statements regarding the twotypes of deafness is correct?

A. An audiogram of a person with nerve deafness shows much greater loss of bone conduction than air conduction of sound

B. Conduction deafness occurs when the cochlea or cochlear nerve is impaired

C. Nerve deafness occurs when physical structures that conduct the sound into the cochlea are impaired

D. An audiogram of a person with conduction deafness shows much greater loss of air conduction than bone conduction of sound

56. An unclothed person sitting inside at normal roomtemperature loses the most heat by which of the following mechanisms?

A. Conduction

B. Convection

C. Evaporation

D. Radiation

60. IF enough muscle fibres contracts to make the muscle as a whole shorten in length, the muscle is said exhibit:

A. Isotonic contraction

B. Graded contraction

C. Isometric contraction

D. Complete tetanus

59. 3. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is:

A. The total energy expenditure

B. The specific dynamic action of foods

C. A measure of energy requirement to maintain the function of the vital systems of the body

D. The ration of the volume of CO2 produced to the volume 02 produced

Nonevaporative mechanisms of heat loss involve:

a. Radiation, evaporation, conduction

b. Convection, radiation, evaporation

c. Convection, radiation, conduction

d. Conduction, convection, evaporation

51. Romberg test is used to:

a. evaluate balance (cerebellum function)

b. evaluate auditory system

c. evaluate renal function

d. none of the above mentioned answers is correct

Damage of which the following brain regions leads to inability to recall long-term memories from past?

a. Hippocampus

b. Thalamus

c. Amygdaloid complex

d. Mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus

Which sequence below accurately describes the flow of signals liking the basal ganglia to other parts of brain?

a. Cerebral cortex – caudate – globus pallidus – thalamus

b. Thalamus – putamen – cerebral cortex – globus pallidus

c. Putamen – caudate – thalamus – cerebral cortex – globus pallidus

d. Cerebral cortex – thalamus – caudate – globus pallidus

Which portion of the cerebellum function in the planning of sequential movements?

a. Vermis and fastigal nucleus

b. Intermediate zone and fastigal nucleus

c. Cerbrocerebellum and dentate nucleus

d. Lateral hemisphere and interposed nucleus

Which component of the basal ganglia plays the major role in the control of cognitive (memory- guided) motor activity?

a. Substantia nigra

b. Caudate nucleus

c. Putamen

d. Subthalamic nucleus

1. Which of the following disorders is characterized by the inability to comprehend language or speak fluently with meaning?

A. Broca's aphasia

B. Global aphasia

C. Wernike's aphasia

Which of the following events prompts the auditory system to interpret a sound as a loud?

a. Fewer inner hair cells become stimulated

b. Fewer outer hair cells become stimulated

c. Amplitude of vibration of the basilar membrane decrease

d. Amplitude of vibration of the basilar membrane increase

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the small bilateral cortical area that controls voluntary fixation movements?

a. Limbic

b. Frontal

c. Parietal

d. Temporal

For eye to adapt to intense light, which of the following may occur?

a. Level of rhodopsin is very high

b. Photochemicals in both rods and cones are reduced to retinal and opsin

c. Pupil size increases

d. Vitamin A converts into retinal

The stereocilla of hair cells are embedded in which membrane?

a. Basilar

b. Tympanic

c. Tectorial

d. Vestibular

Olfactory receptor cells belong to which of the following groups of cells?

a. Multipolarneurons

b. Pseudounipolar neurons

c. Modifie epithelial cells

d. Bipolar neurons

Which of the following statement regarding the transmission of tast information from the tongue to the cerebral cortex is correct?

a. The nerve fibers carryng taste information from the tounge have no synapse in the brain stem.

b. The majority of thalamic neurons in the taste pathway synapse in the occipital

c. The thalamic nucleus involved in the taste pathway is the dosal medial nucleus

d. The nerve fibers carrying taste information from the tongue have no synapse in the solitary nucleus.

When parallel rays through a concave lens, which of the following occurs?

a. They diverge away from each other

b. They converge away from each other

c. They refract to one focal point

d. They maintain their parallel relationship

7. Rods :

a. are more numerous in retina

b. are located in fovea

c. are responsible for coloured vision

d. all above are false

6. When the size of the secondary receptive field is big, the sensitivity of an area to a stimulus is

a. big

b. small

c. the same when the size is small

D. all above are

5. During accommodation to near vision lens :

a. is rounded

b. cilliary muscle is relaxed

c. zonulas are relaxed

D. A and C

4. Presbyopia is :

a. the loose of accommodation

b.corrected with a convex lenses

c. corrected with a concave lenses

d. a and b

3. Occipital lobe processes :

a. visual information

b. hearing

c. taste

d.smell

2. what kind of information is not routed the thalamus

A. Vision

B. Hearing

C. Olfactory

D. Somatic senses

1. what kind of stimuli doesn't reach conscious :

A. Equilibrium

B. Proprioception

C. Taste

D. Muscle length

2. The Blood brain barrier is:

a) an anatomical barrier between bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid

b) an anatomical barrier between bloodstream and interstitial fluid of the CNS

c) functional barrier between bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid

d) functional barrier between bloodstream and interstitial fluid of the CNS

3.The blood-brain barrier allows the passage of:

a)proteins

b) glucose

c)polysaccharides

d)lipids

e)oxygen

7. Pain due to external stimulus, recognized by CNS is called:

a)proprioception

b)exteroception

c)interoception

d)normoception

Which of the following reflexes best describes incoming pain signals that elicit movement performed by antagonistic muscle groups on either side of the body?

a. Autogenic inhibition

b. Reciprocal inhibition

c. Crossed extensor reflex

d. Flexion reflex

In addition to influencing the function of muscles, the corticospinal system regulates movement by its involvement with which of the following?

a. The spinal reflex circuits, such as those involved in stretch reflex

b. Vestibule–ocular reflex

c. Memory circuits in the hippocampus

d. Control of pain processing in the intralaminar thalamic nuclei

7. Destruction of which of the following centers of hypothalamus....... eating and obesity?

A. Lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus

B. Ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus

C. Supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

D. Neuropeptide Y and agouli-related peptide neurons of the arcuate n....

6. Which of the following homrones is released from adipose tissue and serves as a feedback mechanism to signal to the brain that there is increased energy sto.... increased adipose tissue)?

A. Leptin

B. Neuropeptide Y

C. Cholecystokinin

D. Insulin

5. After eating a meal containing a large amount of fat which of the following .... tends to cause a feeling of saticty?

A. Increased release of cholecystokinin

B. Increased levels of neupeptide Y

C. Increased secretion of ghrelin by stomach

D. Decreased secretion of leptin

14. In normal ECG P wave is positive in leads:

A. I, II

B. aVR

C. A and B are true

15. S-T segment is usually isoelectric, but may vary up.....

A. +1 mm in standard leads

B. +2 mm in leads V1 - V3

C. A and B are true

The "all or no" law of nerve fibers states that:

a. the impulse initiated by a strong stimulus is conducted more rapidly than the impulse initiated by weak stimulus

b. the impulse initiated by a strong stimulus is stronger than the impulse initiated by a weaker stimulus

c. the stimulus that just exceeds the threshold for excitation of nerve produces an impulse twice as strong as a stimulus itself

d. all statements are false

tiffenau index is

a. decreased in pulmonary obstructive disease

b. decreased in restrictive diseases

c. a ratio of forced inspiratory volume to vital capacity

d. all before mentioned answers are correct

The stroke volume is influenced by

a. Fluid load

b. Left ventricle contractility

c. Inotropic stimulation

d. All answers are correct

The following heart valve can be auscultated in the second intercostal space of the sternum

a. Mitral valve

b. Tricuspid valve

c. Aortic valve – if its on the right side

d. Pulmonary valve – on the left side

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