The beta-receptors stimulation in heart causes:

a. Dilation of coronary vessels & c. Increase in heart rate & d. A and c are true

Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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E. B.

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E. B.

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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21) The action potential in a cardiac contractile cell causes

A) activation of NCX transporters.

B) opening of L-type calcium channels.

C) activation of sodium-potassium ATPase.

D) opening of HCN channels.

E) opening of ryanodine receptor calcium channels.

22) Stretching a myocardial cell

A) only decreases the force of a contraction.

B) only increases the force of contraction.

C) only allows more Ca2+ to enter

D) decreases the force of a contraction and allows more Ca2+ to enter.

E) allows more Ca2+ to enter and increases the force of a contraction.

23) The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)?

A) Na+ only

B) Ca2+ only

C) K+ only

D) both Ca2+ and K+

E) both Na+ and K+

24) During the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells, which ion(s) is/are crossing the membrane?

A) K+ only

B) Ca2+ only

C) Na+ only

D) both Ca2+ and K+

E) both Na+ and K+

28) A typical action potential of a myocardial contractile cell lasts ________ millisecond(s).

of autorhythmic cells is = at least 150+msec

of skeletal muscle cells = 1-2msec

A) 1-5

B) at least 200

C) at least 500

D) 50-100

E) less than 1

31) If channels are permeable to

A) Na+ only.

B) Ca2+ only.

C) K+ only.

D) Na+ and K+.

E) Ca2+ and K+.

34) The fibrous skeleton of the heart is important because it

A) forces electrical activity to be conducted through the atrioventricular node.

B) helps guide the blood into the proper chambers in sequence.

C) directs the flow of blood into the arteries.

D) transmits electrical activity from the atria to the ventricles.

37) In the condition known as complete heart block, what happens?

A) The mitral valve leaflets calcify and close, preventing blood from being pumped efficiently by the left side of the heart.

B) Blood flow through the foramen ovale is blocked.

C) Electrical signals from the SA node never reach the ventricles, so the contraction of the atria is not coordinated with the contraction of the ventricles.

D) The fibrous skeleton of the heart breaks down, interfering with the passage of blood from the atria to the ventricles.

E) Coronary arteries are blocked by plaques, preventing blood and oxygen from reaching the myocardial contractile cells.

38) When the heart is in fibrillation

A) effective pumping of the ventricles ceases because the myocardial cells fail to work as a team, and the brain cannot get adequate oxygen.

B) the myocardial cells are contracting together as they should; fibrillation indicates a normal sinus rhythm of 75 beats per minute.

C) the myocardial cells may become damaged from contracting too fast.

D) the myocardial cells deplete their oxygen supply because they are contracting too fast, and the lactic acid produced damages the myocardial cells.

E) there is no contraction of the myocardium.

39) Electrical shock to the heart is usually used to treat

A) atrial fibrillation.

B) heart murmur.

C) myocardial infarction.

D) heart block.

E) ventricular fibrillation.

44) Ventricular contraction

A) begins just after the T wave.

B) begins just after the Q wave.

C) begins during the latter part of the P wave.

D) begins during the first part of the P wave.

E) None of the answers are correct.

45) Atrial contraction

A) begins during the first part of the P wave.

B) begins just after the Q wave.

C) begins during the latter part of the P wave.

D) begins just after the T wave.

E) None of the answers are correct.

52) During ventricular systole,

A) the AV valves are closed.

B) the ventricles are relaxed.

C) blood is entering the ventricles

D) the pressure in the ventricles declines.

E) the atria are contracting

58) Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase ion flow through ________ channels.

A) Ca2+ only

B) Na+ only

C) K+ only

D) If only

E) If and Ca2+

59) According to Starling's law of the heart, the cardiac output is directly related to the

A) end-systolic volume.

B) size of the ventricle.

C) venous return.

D) heart rate.

E) thickness of the myocardium.

60) Which of these will increase the heart rate?

A) only the application of epinephrine to the SA node

B) only the application of acetylcholine to the SA node

C) only sympathetic stimulation to the SA node

D) both sympathetic stimulation and application of epinephrine to the SA node

E) both sympathetic stimulation and application of acetylcholine to the SA node

61) Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle results in

A) decreased force of cardiac contraction.

B) decreased rate of contraction.

C) the formation of cAMP.

D) increased sensitivity to acetylcholine.

E) All of the answers are correct.

62) Drugs known as beta blockers will

A) increase stroke volume.

B) decrease the end-systolic volume.

C) decrease heart rate.

D) increase cardiac output.

E) increase heart rate.

7. Which of the following statements is false:

A. P wave of electrocardiogram depicts depolarization of atria

B. P wave should be negative (downward directed) and T wave should be positive (upward directed) in aVR lead

C. T wave reflects repolarization of ventricles

D. T wave amplitude can be influenced by potassium level in blood

8. According to Frank-Starling law, increase in left ventricular filling during diastole will:

A. Increase the volume and decrease contraction force of left ventricle

B. Increase the volume and contraction force of left ventricle, but have no impact on stroke volume

C. decrease the volume of left ventricle and increase stroke volume

D. increase the volume of left ventricle, potentiate myocardial fibers and increase stroke volume

13. Which agents are involved in maintaining homeostasis if blood volume is significantly decreased?

A. Adrenalin and thyroxin

B. Aldosterone and oxytocin

C. Corticosteroids and renin

D. Aldosterone and vasopressin

18. Name 5 factors which cause the movement of blood in veins:

A. Pressure gradient in the venous system, quantity of circulatory blood, tone of vessels, viscosity of blood, resistance in vessels

B. Pressure gradient in the venous system, negative pressure in a thoracic cavity, contractions of skeletal muscles, diaphragm contractions, contraction of walls of veins

C. Negative pressure in a thorax, diaphragm contractions, difference of pressure, valves of veins, contraction of skeletal muscles

D. Pressure gradient, valves of veins, contraction of skeletal muscles, stroke volume, blood viscosity

20. Assuming that systolic blood pressure equals 130 mmHg,diastolic blood pressure equals 70mmHg, mean arterial pressure is:

A. 110mmHg

B. 100mmHg

C. 90mmHg

D. 80mmHg

21. Factors favoring capillary filtration are:

A. High colloid osmotic pressure of capillary blood

B. High hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood

C. high hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid

D. all answers are correct

22. Assuming that stroke volume and heart rate remains constant, increased total peripheral resistance (TPR) will result in:

A. Increased mean arterial pressure

B. Decreased mean arterial pressure

C. Unaltered mean arterial pressure (TPR does not affect mean arterial pressure)

D. Lower blood pressure in the arterial system and higher blood pressure in the venous system

What are two effects of angiotensin II?

a. Is a vasodilator and therefore raises blood pressure in the body ́s arterioles, it stimulates the cells of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone vasopressin

b. Is a vasoconstrictor and therefore raises blood pressure in the veins, it stimulates the cells of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone renin

c. Is a vasoconstrictor and therefore raises blood pressure in the body ́s arterioles, it stimulates the cells of the adrenal cortex to release the hormone aldosterone

d. Is a vasoconstrictor and therefore raises blood pressure in the body ́s arterioles, it the cells of the adrenal medulla to release the hormone aldosterone

The beta-receptors stimulation in heart causes:

a. Dilation of coronary vessels

b. Decrease in heart rate

c. Increase in heart rate

d. A and c are true

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures is called the

a. Pulse pressure

b. Systemic pressure

c. Mean arterial pressure

d. Blood pressure

All the following statements concerning the conduction system of the heart are true EXCEPT that the:

a. Purkinje fibers spread the wave of depolarization to some contractile cells

b. Sino atrial node is located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava

c. Pacemaker is located at the sinoatrial node

d. Bundle of His is located at the atrioventricular septum

List the three factors which assist in returning blood to the heart

a. Cardiac output, muscular pump, respiratory pump

b. Venous valves ,muscular pump, respiratory pump

c. Cardiac output, venous valves, respiratory pump

d. Heart rate,cardiac output, venous valves

Cardiac output is equal to:

a. HR/SV

b. EDV-ESV

c. HRxSV

d. HRxBP

Depolarization in autorhythmic cells of the heart begin when:

a. The slow calcium channels open

b. The fast calcium channels open

c. The fast sodium channels open

d. A and B are correct

Blood flow in coronary arteries is biggest:

a. During systole and diastole

b. During diastole

c. Is not dependent of phase of heart cycle

d. During systole

Recording speed is 25 mm/s, R-R interval is 20 mm. What is the heart rate?

a. 75bpm

b. 100bpm

c. 50 bpm

d. 175bpm

15.Which of the following is not a method of Calcium removal follwoing contraction of heart muscles

a. NA-CA xchange transports CA out of the cell

b. ATP dependant CA Pumps move CA from the cytoplasm into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. CA passivly diffuses out of the cell

d. ATP dependant sarcolemmal CA pumps remove CA from the cell

18.Which of the following is false regarding the action of catocholamines on B adrenergic receptors

a. dilate blood vessels in S.M

b. increase the contractility of cardiac M

c. Increase cardiac output

d. increase the rate of discharge of SA node

e. Constrict coronary arteries

10.Dilation of the peripheral atrial blood vessels can be caused by

a. N.O

b. Thromboxane A2

c. Angiotensin 2

d. endothelin

e. kenin

11. Which of the following is incorrectly paired

a. increased PCO2 = pulmonart vasoconstr

b. stim of vagus N. in the neck =Bradycardia

c. Prostocyclin = Vasodil.

d. Increase H concentration in tissue = Vasocontrs. in tissue

e. A and D

12. Which statement is incorrect

a. Renin secr. is inhibited by distension of cardiac atria

b. ANH inhibits the NA reabsorption in the medullary part of collecting duct

c. ACE is located in pulmonary vessels

d. Secr. of Renin increases in response to prolonged low dietry salt intake

e. the glomerular filtration rate can be determined by inulin and creatinine

10. Severe human body dehydration will activate secretion of:

a) aldosterone, vasopressin, adrenalin, prolactin

b) only aldosterone

c) aldosterone, vasopressin, adrenalin, angiotensin I

d) aldosterone, vasopressin, adrenalin, angiotensin I and II

e) endothelin and oxytocin

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