Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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E. B.

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E. B.

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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26. Albumins:

A. Keep the oncotic pressure

B. take part in the immunity reactions

C. transport ions like Fe, Cu

D. take part in clot formation

34. Type B blood contains:

A. B antigen on its red cell membranes and beta agglutinin in the plasma

B. B antigen in the plasma and beta agglutinin on its red cell membranes

C. B antigen on its red cell membranes and alpha agglutinin in the plasma

D. B antigen in the plama and alpha agglutinin on its red cell membranes

41. Which of the following statements most accurately describes features of neuromuscular transmission?

A. each muscle fiber contains multiple axon terminals

B. the end plate is highly enriched in electrically excitable gates

C. enzymatic degradation of the transmitter can terminate transmission

D. Acetyl choline causes chloride channels to open as a result of membrane depolarization

44. The “stress-response” of the sympathetic system includes all of the following reactions EXCEPT:

A. Bronchial constriction

B. Vasoconstriciton

C. Pupil dilation

D. slowing down the peristaltic movements

E. all of the above reactions are a part of “stress-response”

46. the terminal nerve endings of the parasympathetic system virtually all(or almost all) contain:

A. noradrenaline

B. epinephrine

C. dopamine

D. acetylcholine

E. histamine

47. The massage of the carotid artery can cause:

A. increase of blood pressure

B. tachycardia

C. faint

D. b and c are true

E. none from the above is true

49. What prevents cardiac muscle from undergoing a tetanic contraction?

A. the rate of neural stimulation is limited by the CNS

B. the muscle fatigues so quickly that it must relax fully between contractions

C. the electrical activity is conducted too slowly for tetanus to occur

D. the refractory period of the action potential lasts into the consecutive contraction

50. The end plate potential at the neuromuscular junction is....postsynaptic membrane permeability to:

A. Sodium first, then potassium

B. sodium and potassium simultaneously

C. sodium only

D. potassium only

52. most important factor for an Isometric contraction is:

A. ensuring the muscle does not change in length

53. At which point along the isotonic force-velocity curve is output of the greatest?

A. at the lowest force and highest velocity (Vmax)

B. at the highest force and lowest velocity (Fmax)

C. at a force that is about 1/3 of Fmax

D. at a velocity that is about 2/3 of Vmax

54. Prolonged exposure to conditions of heat causes human thirst, which receptors primarily cause its development?

A. osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus

B. chemoreceptors of the hypothalamus

C. liver osmoreceptors

D. glucoreceptors of the hypothalamus

D. baroreceptors of the aortic arch

gastrin stimulates

A. secretion of bicarbonate in the small intestine

B. gallbladder contraction

C. secretion of HCL in the stomach

D. absorption of fatty acids

Parietal cells of the stomach secretes

A. gastrin

B. cholecystokinin (CCK)

C. secretin

D. hydrochloric acid

An esophageal peristaltic way is stimulated by

A.presence of chyme in the stomache

B.presence of bulbus in the esophagus and swallowing

C.presence of chyme in the small interstine

D.presence of bulbus in the mouth

Chief cells in the stomach secretes:

A. pepsinogen

B. hydrochloric acid

C. trypsinogen

D. Trypsin

3) glucocarticoids secretion stimulated by

a. potatsium and blood concentration

b. sodium and blood conc.

c. ACTH

d. System reonin-angiotensin

1) androgen secretion stimulated by

a. ACTH

b. LH and FSH

c. System reonin-angiotensin

d. TSH

1) function of aldosterol in kidney

Answer: Increased renal tubular, reabsorbtion of sodium and increase secretion of potatsium

2) function of glucocarticoids

Answer: elevate blood glucose concentration, increase liver and plasma, increased concentration of free fatty acid in the plasma.

1) incorrect statement:

a) glucagon causes glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis in liver

b) glucagon is a lipogenetic hormone

c) glucagon increases blood sugar concentration

d) glucagon increases amino acid uptake by liver and their conversion to glucose

1) factors influencing insulin secretion

a. increased blood glucose, fasting, growth hormone

b. increased blood glucose, somatoatatin, cortisol

c. increased blood glucose, increased blood amino acids, growth hormone

d. increased blood glucose, somatostatin, fasting

1) insulin

a) increases plasma amino acid

b) decreases uptake of amino acid into cell

c) causes protein depletion

d) promotes protein synthesis and storage

1) to promote growth insulin interact synergistically with:

a. somatostatin

b. cortisol

c. prolactine

d. growth hormone

1) growth hormone secretion inhibited by

a. hypoglacemia

b. somatostatin

c. protein deficiency

d. somatomedins

1) growth hormone

a. inhibits protein deposition in tissues, increases glucose utilization

b. decreases fat utilization for energy, increases catabolism of protein

c. promotes protein deposition in tissues, stimulates cartilage and bone growth

d. decrease mobilization af fatty acid from adipose tissue

2. Glucocorticoids

A. Elevates blood glucose concentration, decrease liver and plasma proteins, decrease concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma

B. Elevates blood glucose concentration, increase liver and plasma proteins, decrease concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma

C. Elevates blood glucose concentration, decrease liver and plasma proteins, increase concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma

D. Elevates blood glucose concentration, increase liver and plasma proteins, increase concentration of free fatty acids in the plasma

6. Which of the following pairs of hormones and the corresponding action is incorrect?

A. Glucagon – increased glycogenolysis in liver

B. Glucagon – increased glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle

C. Glucagon – increased gluconeogenesis

D. Cortisol – increased gluconeogenesis

4. Which of the following is most likely to produce the greatest increase in glucagon secretion?

A. Amino acids

B. Amino acids and glucose

C. Amino acids and somatostatin

D. Glucose and somatostatin

Menstruationation ends when the endometrium and epithelium begin its regrow and reline the surface of the uterus. What stimulates the regrowth of the cells of the epithelium?

A. Estrogen

B. Progresteron

C. LH

D. FSH

Spermatogenesisisregulatedbyanegativefeedbackcontrolsysteminwhich FSH stimulates the steps in sperm cell termination. What is the negative feedback signal associated with sperm cell production that inhibits pituitary termination of FSH?

A. Testosterone

B. Inhibin

C. Estrogen

D. LH

7. Choose correct statement: Insulin

A. Increases plasma amino acids

B. Decreases the uptake of amino acids into cells

C. Causes protein depletion

D. Promotes protein syntheses and storage

1) inhibin

a. inhibites LH and FSH secretion only in men

b. inhibites LH and FSH secretion only in women

c. inhibites LH and FSH secretion both in men and women

d. does not influence on LH and FSH secretion

1) in women estrogen is responsible for

a. secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

b. follicular phase of the menstrual cycle

c. desquemention

d. ovulation

1) increase in blood concentration of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4) inhibits secretion of:

a. ACTH

b. FSH

c. LH

d. TSH

3) secretion of catecholamines....what is incorrect?

a. hypoglycemia

b. hyperglycemia

c. starvation, shock

d. fear, pain

1) thyroid hormone (T3, T4)

a. increase: uptake of glucose by the cells, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis

b. decreases: uptake of glucose by the cells, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis

c. increase uptake by glucose by the cells and decreases glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

d. decrease uptake by glucose by the cells and increase glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

1) TSH stimulates

a) thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

b) adrenal gland to secrete glycocorticoids

c) ovaries to secrete estrogen

d) anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid hormones

1) ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin synthesized by

a. Posterior pituitary gland

b. Hypothalamus

c. Anterior pituitary gland

d. Pineal gland

1) in presence of ADH

a) collecting ducts and tubules in the kidneys are impermeable to water

b) ability of collecting ducts and tubules in kidneys to water increase

c) reabsorption of water from collecting ducts and tubules in kidney is inhibited

d) extreme loss of water to urine

7. Which of the following stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

a. Calcitonin

b. PTH-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

c. Respiratory acidosis

D. Decrease in extracellular calcium ion activity.

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