Physio Final Exam

Human Body

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This flashcard set covers advanced topics in human physiology, tailored for university-level students. It delves into the intricacies of the cardiovascular system, focusing on blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow dynamics. Additionally, it explores muscle physiology, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle mechanics, as well as hormonal regulation and endocrine functions. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex physiological processes and preparing for exams.

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40. Which of the following hormones helps to maintainblood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis?

A. Thyroid hormone

B. Cortisol

C. Insulin

D. Aldosterone

48. During the processing of the glomerular ultra filtrate:

A. Compounds present in excess of the transport maximum for transport protein will appear in the urine

B. The majority of glucose is reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule

C. ADH alters the permeability of all portions of the tubule to water

D. The fluid volume is reduced to 1/2 of its original volume by the proximal convoluted tubule

2. Glomerular filtration rate is:

A. 250 ML/MIN

b. 1250 ml/min

c. 125 ml/min

d. 50 ml/min

1. MOST OF GLUCOSE THAT IS FILTRATED THROUGH THE GLOMERULUS IS REABSORBED IN THE:

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. descending limb of loop of Henle

c. ascending limb of loop of Henle

d. distal convoluted tubule

3. Filtration occurs in the:

a. glomerulus

b. loop of Henle

c. collecting duct

d. a+b+c

Which part of nephron is not permeable to water:

a. descending loop of Henle

b. proximal tubule

c. collecting duct

d. acending limb of loop of Henle

Secretion occurs in:

a. glomerulus

b. loop of Henle

C. distal tubule

d. b+c

6. The antidiuretic effect of vasopressin is maily caused by:

a. a decreased permeability of the glomerular membrane to water

b. a decreased permeability of the loop of Henle to water

c. a markedly increased permeability of the distal tubule to water

d. an increased transport of sodium into the lumen of acending limb of loop of Henle

7. Glomerular filtrate doesnt consist of:

a. glucose

b. proteins

c. blood cells

d. b+c

17.Contstriction of the renal AFF glomerular arterioles tend to_____ glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and ______ renal blood flow

Decrease / Decrease

3. Point the correct connection

a. albumins transport proteins; globulins take part in immunity ; fibrinogen forms blood cloth

b. albumins take part in immunity, globulins transport proteins, fibrinogens forms blood cloth

c. albumins form blood cloth, globulins take part in immunity, fibrinogen-transport protein

d. albumins transport proteins, globulins-form blood cloth, fibrinogen-takes part in immunity

4. The main role of blood is:

a. transport

b. defense

c. merging

d. every function is important and no one is the main

6. Antigen D appears:

a. on RBC membrane

b. in body fluids and every cell of body

c. every cell of body except nervous cells

d. in the blood plasma

7. Haemostasis is:

a. the element of dynamic balance of the organism

b. ability to stopping bleading after blood vessels damage

c. complex of mechanisms providing the blood fluidity

d. every answer is correct

False statement is that:

a. Macula dense cells secrete vasoconstrictor when GFR falls down

b. Filtration membrane is permeable to glucose

c. Concentration of glucose in filtered fluid is the same as in plasma

d. Filtration fraction is 20%

7. all of the follow will cause hypothalamus to effect ADH release except:

a. decrease blood osmolarity

8. concentration of following substance in glomerular filtate is not the same in plasma:

a. protein

14. After Hemorhage , reabsorbtion of fluid into the circulation occurs as a compensatory mechanism because

a. Release of Angiotensin 2 is inhibited

b. the colloid osmotic pressure differes btw plasma and tissue is reduced

c. urine output increases

d. the colloid pressure of plasma is reduced

e. the capillary pressure is reduced

7. Which plays a role in controlling RBC prod.

a. Hypocapnia

b. Erythropoietin from kidney

c. Hypothalamus

d. Renin Production in Kidney

e. GH hormone

2. Function of plasma protein except

a. -Immun. respone

b. -maintaining colloid osmotic pressure

c. -blood clotting

d. -regulating blood PH

e. -Maintaing a 300 mosml. pressure

4.Which parameter isnt physiological

a. hematocrit .45

b. hemoglobin 150

c. MCV 10

d. MCHC 350

e. All are physiological

6.Brain Bridge Reflex

a. Stim. atrial mechanoreceptors result in tachycardia and increases cardiac output

b. bradycardia and dec. cardiac output

c. decrease in symp activity when BP at carotid sinus raises

d. Increase in symp activity when BP at Carotid sinus raises

e. Right atrial leads to a decrease in cardiac output

16. If an organs metaboloic activity increases which of the following events will most likely occur

a. Mean Arterial pressure is decreased the blood flow increases

b. dopamin is released from the adrenal medulla and arterioles will dilate

c. parasymp. nerves are stim and artioles dilate

d. arterioles for the organ dilate in response to local chemical change

70) The most potent stimulus for vasopressin release is

A) blood pressure.

B) blood volume.

C) plasma osmolarity.

D) low potassium.

66) Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated. If a person was suffering from severe 66) hyperkalemia, you would expect

A) abnormal cardiac rhythms.

B) the potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal

C) muscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions.

D) the membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative.

E) All of the answers are correct.

65) In response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body, you would expect to observe

A) decreased blood pressure.

B) decreased heart rate.

C) increased alveolar ventilation.

D) increased blood pH.

61) When the pH of the extracellular fluid declines, the kidneys

A) reabsorb more potassium ions.

B) reabsorb less water.

C) reabsorb more hydrogen ions

D) excrete more bicarbonate ions.

E) excrete more sodium ions.

59) Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity. 59) How do they maintain normal cell volume?

A) They maintain a water-impermeable membrane.

B) They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity.

C) They add or remove aquaporins as needed.

D) They synthesize water molecules through increased metabolism to offset volume loss.

57) A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in increased

A) blood volume.

B) water retention.

C) blood pressure.

D) retention of sodium ions at the kidney.

E) All of these effects.

54) Paracrine feedback from the ________ in the distal tubule to the granular cells stimulates release of ________.

A) liver, angiotensinogen

B) sympathetic neurons, epinephrine

C) granular cells, renin

D) macula densa, renin

52) AQP2 water pores are added to the cell membrane by ________ and withdrawn by ________ in a 52) process known as ________.

A) exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling

B) membrane recycling, endocytosis, exocytosis

C) endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane recycling

51) ________ interstitial osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated.

A) High cortex

B) Low medullary

C) High medullary

D) Low cortex

46) The normal pH range for most body fluids is ________.

A) 7 to 8

B) 7.5 to 8

C) 7.38 to 7.42

D) 7.25 to 7.75

43) A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of

A) respiratory acidosis.

B) respiratory alkalosis.

C) metabolic acidosis.

D) metabolic alkalosis.

E) None of the answers are correct.

42) A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of

A) respiratory acidosis.

B) respiratory alkalosis.

C) metabolic acidosis.

D) metabolic alkalosis.

E) None of the answers are correct

39) The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

A) buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide.

B) prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.

C) buffer the urine.

D) buffer stomach acid.

E) increase the amount of carbonic acid during ventilation.

36) Decreased ECF volume causes

A) sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase and arteriolar vasodilation

B) sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase.

C) parasympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase.

D) the force of ventricular contraction to decrease.

E) arteriolar vasodilation.

35) The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is ________ mOsM.

A) 100

B) 300

C) 900

D) 1200

E) None of these answers are correct.

27) Atrial natriuretic peptide

A) inhibits release of renin.

B) stimulates release of renin.

C) increases GFR.

D) increases GFR and inhibits release of renin.

E) increases GFR and stimulates release of renin.

26) Aldosterone

A) is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood.

B) promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.

C) increases the concentration of sodium in urine.

D) helps decrease blood volume.

E) functions in pH regulation.

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