OB
OB II
OB II
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Flashcards
group (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
2 or more individuals, interacting & interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives
formal group (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
designated work group defined by organization's structure
informal group (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
neither formally structured nor organizationally determined
interdependence - task interdependence (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
degree to which team members rely on other team members as team carries out work (pooled, sequential, recirpocal, comprehensive)
interdependence - goal interdependence (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
degree to which members share team goal & have personal goals that are aligned
interdependence - outcome interdependence (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
degree to which team members share in team rewards & outcomes
different classes of groups - comman group (formal) (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
group composed of individuals who report directly to given manager
different classes of groups - task group (formal) (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
people working together to complete a job task (not limited by hierarchical boundaries)
different classes of groups - interest group (informal) (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
those working together to attain specific objective with which each is concerned
different classes of groups - friendship group (informal) (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
those brought together because they share one or more common characteristics
social identity theory (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
Considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of a group
in group-favouritism (define group & differentiate btw different types of groups)
perspective in which we see members of our in-group as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same
Identify the 5 stages of group development
forming
storming
norming
performing
adjourning
important group properties (identify the 5 stages of group development)
roles
norms
status
size
cohesiveness
diversity
group property 1 (roles) - role (explain how role reuqirements change in different situations)
set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit
group property 1 (roles) - role identity (explain how role reuqirements change in different situations)
attitude & behaviours that are consistent wiht a role from a specific "role identity" - becomes one part of a person's self-concept
group property 1 (roles) - role perception (explain how role reuqirements change in different situations)
individual's view of how she/he is supposed to act in a given siuation
group property 1 (roles) - role expectations (explain how role reuqirements change in different situations)
how others believe a person should act in a situation
group property 1 (roles) - role conflict (explain how role reuqirements change in different situations)
divirgent role expectations may conflict with each other, making it difficult/impossible to comply with both role requirements
group property 1 (roles) - psychological contract (explain how role reuqirements change in different situations)
unwritten agreement that sets out what mgmt expects from an employee & vice versa
group property 2 (nroms) - norms (describe how norms & status exert influence on an individual's behaviour)
acceptable standards of behaviour within a group that are shared by a group's members
group property 2 (norms) - classes of norms (describe how norms & status exert influence on an individual's behaviour)
performance
appearance
social arrangement
resoruce allocation
norms & conformity of bahviour - conformity (describe how norms & status exert influence on an individual's behaviour)
adjusting one's behaviour to align with norms of group
norms & conformity of bahviour - reference group (describe how norms & status exert influence on an individual's behaviour)
important groups to which individuals belong/hope to belong & with whose norms individuals are likely to conform
groups & deviant behaviour - deviant workplace behaviour (describe how norms & status exert influence on an individual's behaviour)
voluntary behaviour that violates significant organizational norms & in doing so threatens well-being of organization/its members
groups & deviant behaviour - categories of deviant workplace behaviour (describe how norms & status exert influence on an individual's behaviour)
production
property
political
personal aggression
group property 3 (status) - status (describe how norms & status exert influence on an individual's behaviour)
socially defined position/rank given to group/group members by others
group property 4 (size) - social loafing (show how group size affects group performance )
tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
group property 5 (cohesiveness) - cohesiveness (identify benefits & disadvantages of cohesive groups)
degree to which group members are attracted to each other & are motivated to stay in group
group property 6 (diversity ) - diversity (identify benefits & disadvantages of cohesive groups)
degree to which members of a group are similar to/diffferent from one another
group property 6 (diversity ) - faultlines (identify benefits & disadvantages of cohesive groups)
perceived divisions that split groups into two or more subgroups based on individual differences such as sex, race, age, work experience and education.
groupthink (link strengths & weaknesses of group deicision making)
norm for consensus overrides realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action
side effect of group decision making
groupshift (link strengths & weaknesses of group deicision making)
change in decision risk between a group's decision & an individual's decision that a group member would make; shift can be toward either conservatism/greater risk
side effect of group decision making
group decision-making techniques - interacting group (compare effectiveness of interacting, brainstorming & nominal group technique)
members interact with each other face-to-face
group decision-making techniques - brainstorming (compare effectiveness of interacting, brainstorming & nominal group technique)
to generate creative ideas; any and all alternatives are encouraged; any criticism is withheld
group decision-making techniques - nonimal group technique (compare effectiveness of interacting, brainstorming & nominal group technique)
Group members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent way.
power (define power & contrast leadership & power)
The capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes
dependency (define power & contrast leadership & power)
B's relationship to A when A possesses something that B requires
formal power (define power & contrast leadership & power)
established by an individual's position in an organization
formal power - coercive power (define power & contrast leadership & power)
power base dependent on fear of negative results
