Narratology
English Literature
English Literature
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Flashcards
Subjective anachrony
Character's future hopes or past memories are presented out of historical order
Analepsis (Flasback / Retrospection)
When the past intrudes on the present
Prolepsis (Flashforward / Prospective)
When the future intrudes on the present
Story time
Length of diegetic time it takes for an event to happen
Discourse time
Amount of text it takes to describe an event
Isochronous presentation
equal duration between story and discourse time
Acceleration
Discourse time is shorter than story time (e.g. description)
Deceleration
Story time is shorter than discourse time (e.g. recollection, summary)
Ellipsis
Discourse time stops, story time continues
Pause
Story time stops, discourse time continues
Singualar telling
Recounting once what happened once
Repetitive telling
Recounting several times what happened once
Iterative telling
Recounting once what happened an indefinite number of times
Narrative setting
Diegetic environment in which character move
Literary space
Total environment in which objects and characters are situated (nation, city, village and the narrative setting itself)
Story space
Spatial environment of any of the story's episodes; more globally, the ensemble of these environements
Discourse space
The narrator's current spatial environment; more globally, the whole range of environment in which the narrative situation is located
Story-here
Current point in space within the story space (precise place: here, there, left, right)
Discourse-here
Current point in space in discourse space, physical position of the narrator
Deictic center
(story-here + discourse-here) + (story-now + discourse-now) = deictic center
Person
Real-life person (authors and readers)
Character
Not a real-life person but the creation of an author; exists only within a fictional text
Figure
Variation of "character" or to designate the narrator as "narrative figure"
Metalepsis
Transgression of ontological levels of communication (violation of the distinction between story and discourse)
Auto-characterization
When characterizing agent characterizes himself; often marked by subjective distortions
Altero-characterization
When characterizing agent characterizes another character
Attributive discourse
"tag" identifying the agent of a speech act in one of two ways
Introductory tag
Discourse tag is in the initial position (John said, ...)
Parenthetical tag
Discourse tag is either in the medial or final position (That's, he said, it. / That's it, he said)
Direct discourse
Quoted speech
Free direct discourse
Untagged direct discourse
Free indirect discourse
Original expression combined with framing discourse (What on earth should she do now?)
Indirect discourse
Narrator's report of the original expression (Mary wondered what she should do)
Narrative report of discourse
Narrator summarizes: a character's words, thoughts , mental states (conscious or unconscious , perceptions
Mind style
Character's or Narrator's general pattern of thinking, consists of: typical diction, rhetoric and syntax
Colouring
Characteristic colouring of the narrator's or character's verbal style
Verbal register
Class of words used by the author. May vary among characters and the narrator
Verbal decorum
The appropriate style of language of a character and his or her sociocultural station
Paralepsis
Narrator says too much and betrays that he does not have the knowledge claimed
Paralipsis
When a narrator says too little, leaving out important information (e.g. detective novels)
