Meteo 2
T2b
T2b
The Bora is
A Foehn wind occurs on the
What approximately is the average height of the tropopause over teh equator?
In the troposphere the decrease of pressure per 100m in height
What is the approximate vertical interval which is equal to a pressure change of 1 hPa at an altitude of 5500 m?
Half the mass of the atmosphere is found in the first
What characteristics is associated with a temperature inversions ?
The station pressure used in surface weather charts is
The average height of the tropopause at 50 N is about?
The ELR is an actual atmosphere
A significant inversion at low height is a characteristics of
A wide body takes off on a clear night in Saudi Arabien. SHortly after T/O teh aircraft's rate of climb drops to zero. This can be due to
Deifne the tropopause:
Hohe Tropopause
11 km bis ca. 20 km
4 Tropoausen
1) Polar Tropoause= 8km = -50 degrees
2) Suvtropial = 11 km = -56,5 Grad
3) Equatorial 16km = -70 degrees
4) WInter: Artic = 6-7 km = -45 degrees
During a flight at Fl 100 from Marseille (QNH 1012 hPa) to Palma de Mallorca (QNH 1015 hPa) an aircraft remains at a constantvtrue altitude. The resonon for this is that:
During a flight over the sea at FL 135 the True Altitude is 13'500 ft: local QNH is 1019 hPa. What information, if any, can be gaines about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying ?
AN aircrafr is flying over teh sea at Fl 90; the true altitude is 9100 ft; local QNH is unkown. What assumption, if any, can be made about the air mass in which the aircraft is flying??
When flying at FL 180 in teh Northern Gemisphere you experience a right drift:
What can you exceed at FL 180, when te wind is geostrophic and your true altitude is 18'000 ft?
radiation fog
Einstrahlung fehlt = absence id dorrest solar radiation (night time)
Haze
consists of solid participles look smoke dust etc. => rel. humidity below 80%
Surface wind
Wind at 10 meters above ground level
On weather charts, which north is ment ?
teh geographic north ==> only the tower magnetic north => rwy related to magnetic north
gusts are reported when
gust speed over 10 its
Wind is measured at which high?
10 m above ground
15 m/s in knots
30 knots
Wie wirk die pressure gradient force
senkrecht zu dem isobars richtichtung Tief
centrifugal force
is proportional to the square of the speed => point outward
Fricton force direction?
Opposite to the wind direction => increases with surface roughness
Which wind force does not depend on teh wind speed?
the pressure gradient force causes the wind but does not depend on the wind speed ==> only force capable of putting an atmosphere at rest into motion
Where is the Coriolis force zero?
Äquator
Eulerian wind
the pressure gradient force accelerates the air into the direction of G from high pressure to low pressure
Wann wird die Corioliskraft wichtig?
above 100 km
Geostrophic wind?
Pressure gradient Force beginnt mit der Bewegung der Luft. Sobald sie sich bewegt, kommt die Corioliskraft ==> gleichen sich aus und resultierende Kraft = geostrophic wind
the closer the isobaren, desto
stronger der Wind
Friction wind: over water
speed: 70 % Abweichung 10 Grad
Friction wind: over land
speed: 50% Abweichung 30 Grad nach links vom geostrophic wind
In unstable air, what happens with the fricton wind?
wird in höhere Höhen getragen
wann ist die Luft am instabilsten?
Kurz nach dem Mittag => ground temp. is at the maximum
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- 1 / 448
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Cartes-fiches
FC ?
Funnel Cloud = Tornando => wird nie vorausgesagt
Dauer Tornado und wind speed?
20 min bis max. 2-3 h, windspeed > 200 kt im spring and summer
Which thnderstorms generally produce teh most severe conditions, such heavy as hail and destructive winds?
Which phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?
TS ?
TSGR?
TS = Thunderstorm ==> METEO mensch hat Blitze gesehen TSGR: Thunderstorms mit Niederschlag
Conditions necessary for Icing
1. Supercooled water droplets or high RG
2. Supercooled air craft
3 Different Icing on ground
1. hoar frost ( sublimation of water vapour => frost point = Flz wird immer kälter=
2. freezing rain
3. wet snow (surface temperature 0-2 Grad)
Icing in flight (VFR) => out of clouds
1. hoar frost (sublimation of water vapour) = Sublimination von Wasserdampf
2, freezing rain: Unter einer Wolke durchfliegen
Icing in flights (In clouds) 3 Arten
1. Clear ice
2. mixed ice
3. rime Ice
Claer Ice
- large drops
- droplet temerpature 0 and -6 =>NOT OAT
- Flow-back due to retarded freezing procedd => wächst mit der STrömzng
=> im CB Temp. auch -12 Grad, denn durch die Aufwinde kann die droplet temp. gut auf -6 erwärmt werden
Mixed ice ?
- large and small droplets
- droplet temperature around -10
- mixture of clear and rime ice ==> Wächst gegen die Strömung
Rime Ice
- small droplets
- droplet temperature less than -12
- droplets freeze instantaneously on impact => Schleiffpapier
Factors affecting the severity if icing
1. size of supercooled: kleine Tropfen können noch vorbeifliegen
2. concentration of supercooled water droplets:
3. shape of air craft => lower speed profil: Tropfen fliegen eher vorbei
3. proximity of hills: increased updrafts lead to larger droplets of higher concentration => Wenn Aufwinde wegen de Bergen stärker = störkere Vereisung
Difference moderate and severe icing
Moderate icing: change if heading and/or altitude may be consideres disirable
Severe Icing: immediate change of heading ad/or altitude may be considered essential
Was steht im Airmet and Sigment betreffend Ice
Airmet: alle Icing Sigmet: Warn nur von severe Icing
Anti-Icing?
Vorbeugend => heating by air or electrical heating
De-Icing
Methods which remove Ice => boots or chemical substances
One in-flight condition necessary for structural icing to form is
Wind shear werden angeben in
kt/100 ft
Sigmet wird wann rausgegeben
A zone of strong convection currents is encountered druing a flight. What do you make?
The mos dangerous low level wind shears are encountered :
Low level windshear?
CAVOK ?
ceiling and visibility okay
- Bodensicht (Horizontalsicht) 10 km oder mehr
- Keine Wolken unter 5000 ft oder der höchsten minimum sector altitude, MSA, falls diese höher ist
- Keine signifikanten Wettererscheinungen (Niederschlag, sichtbehindernde meteorologische Erscheinungen wie Dunst, Rauch oder Staub etc.)
- Keine Gewitterwolken (Cumulonimbus) und keine Wolken der Art Cumulus congestus, in der Luftfahrt als Towering Cumulus bezeichnet, unabhängig von deren Untergrenze
What is a trend forecast
How long from the time of observation is a TREND in a metar valid?
In Metar messages, the pressure groupe represents the
RVR runway 23: 400m
250 hPa
validity of a TAF
ATIS informations contains
METAR wind direction?
SPECI is a
RVR (as reportetd in a METAR) is always:
The cloud base reportet in the METAR os teh hight above
Under which conditions would you expect the heaviest clear ice accretion to occur in a CB
Which of teh following clou dtypes are most likely to produce light to moderate icing when they are not subject to orographic lifting and consists of supercooles cloud droplets`
Goar frost is most likely to form when ?
A vertical temperature profil indicates the possibility of severe icing when the temperature prfil
Freezing fog consists of
