Literature II

The Tragicall History of Dr.Faustus (1604): example for soliloquy: monologue overheard only by audience, word scenery -> own imagination needed.

Macbeth: Tragedy Play, shakespearan Hero, suffers from hamartia and hybris  -> downfall of heo as direct consequence. Greek Hero: has not the power of choice.

Much Ado About Nothing: Romantic comedy, chaotic, happy end, puns and wits

Whoso List to hunt? (Petrarchan Sonnet): 14 lines poem, abba abba volta (buts, yets) cdd, cee, love poem, plantonic love, unreachbale for poet.

Epithalamion: Blazon, cataloge of female beauty body parts, exaggerated it becomes ridiculous

The Good Morrow: metaphysical poem, linking felling and intellect, conceit (far-fetched) Zirkel, metaphor tenor and vehicle far apart, age of discovery is remarked in the poem.

Sonnet CXXX: contra blazon, dark lady's imperfection as proof of love, deviation of petrarchan sonnet (variation of rhyme scheme)

The Country Wife (Restoration Comedy in Neo-Classicism): satire, stylishness and shallowness of society, sex, puns and wits, laughter to an End

The Rape ot the Lock (Mock Epic): imitation of epic language, trivial subject matter, parody of traditional epic, satirical effect, heroic couplet: pair of rhyming iambic pentameters. Discrepancy form and content as satirical effect

Robinson Crusoe: impersonal diary of facts, colonial behaviour (Friday as noble savage, wild but good) archetypal dimension: sin and redemption (stranded on island as consequence of colonial sin)

Tom Jones (Picaresque Novel): from adventure to adventure, episodic and satirical, realistic style

Pamela: Epistolary Novel of sensibility, adressed to adressees, date, sentimental tone

Ode to the West Wind (Romantcism): Pindaric Ode, pindaric is more occasional -> Horation more personal, West Wind is preserver and destroyer, hope for literary revolution.

The Preface of the Lyrical Ballads: potential to revolutionize literature (language of a man, representation fo emotions)

The Solitary Reaper: imagination subjectivity, interest in nature and the primitive, emotional response more important than event

I wandered as a lonely Cloud: visionary experience, lonliness -> integration of nature, pure emotion evoked by he daffodils, spontaneous overflow of feelings, recollected in tranquility

Grasmere Journals: Romanticism, unmasks I wandered lonely as a cloud as idelogical and idealistic

The Cry of the Children: realism novel, tries truthfully to describe the reality through language, harshness of life, parallel to medea (sacrifized his children to become king)

The Chimney Sweeper: Romantic Poem,  but used to critize the churches and the development of the industrialisation

Great Expectations (Bildungsroman): development of physical, psychological, moral or intellectual of protagonist until maturity , formation of identity childhood-adulthood, finding place in society (extradiegetic-homodiegetic)

Angel in the House: Ideal of perfect wife, submissive to husband, self-sacrificing, domestic duties. A Pet (Deverell) 1853

My Last Duchess: dramatic monologue (revealing unintentional the speakers true self), author not first person -> invented persona, only one speaker

Mariana: critique of Angel in the house, locus amoenus (usually pleasant spot) represents Marianas desolation -> objective correlative, awakes readers emotion -> functions as foreshadowing. Phallic symbol-> popular tree as the power of the man's penis

Tess of the d'Urbervilles: Painting: the Fallen Woman(1854) Double standard moral: tess is punished, angel comes away with his crime, tess becomes a wrong-doer -> symbol for fallen woman

At the Bay: impressionistic, no unity of time and space, multiple focalisation, symbolism: merging images of sea and earth -> metaphor for mutability of time / life and mortaility

e.e cummings: example of broken images, fragmentation

In a Station of the Metro: fragmentation in modernism poetry, but without meter, rhyme or narrative, personal impression and emotion, language: non-gramatical, non-mimetic.

Waiting for Godot: Tragicomedy, Theatre of the absurd, existentialism and futility of ontology, Anti-Hero

Lost in the Funhouse: coming of age story, metafictional comments, disconnection and fragmented in language, crisis of exhaustion in literature -> fiction at dead-end, call for new writing (replenishment)

Wide Sargasso Sea: prequel to Jane Eyre from the perspective of the mad woman in the attic, challenges the binary oppositions, given a voice

The Empire Writes Back with Venegeance: Article to express the change of language in literature, critcises colonial writing

Jasmine: quest-novel, crisis of identity and existence, novel of formation, no closure, non chronological, past-present merge

Medieval Drama (Old English Period 450-1066 / Middle English Period 1066-1500)

Renaissance 1500 - 1660:  Rebirth of Antiquity (Greek, Latin) 

Tragedy Plays, Comedy, Petrarchan Sonnet, Metaphysical Poem

Neo-Classicism: 1660 - 1800: Restoration Comedy, Mock Epic with Satire (a subject becomes ridiculous -> exaggerate to critize) Parody as an Instrument of satire to make the subject ridiculous

Motto: From the head not from the heart! rather rational thinking

Functions: dulcis et utilis (Horace) to entertain and instruct -didactic!

Early Modern Fiction 18th Century (between Neo-Classicim - Romance )

Romanticism: 1800 - 1825:

literary Revolution -> from finity to infinity -> creation of alternative world -> imagination & nature

poets at centre -> personal expression

Victorian Age: 1837 - 1901

Industrialization-> mechanisation, objectified and ideologized woman (suppressed by man and system of rights)

conserative theory of social roles -> woman: domestic sphere

positiv affects: development of railway / all the political right acts / increase of national wealth

Modernism: 1901 - 1945

rejection of realism -> experimental -> break with tradtions like an Earthquake in arts/culture -> innovation of novel in a non-mimetic but aesthetic way, momentary and impressionism -> Fragmentation as lack of harmoy and centre

Post-Modernism 1945 - ...

Existentialism, Futility, celebrates the fragementation because it plays with it -> ironic matter, mixing new with old traditions, rather realistic style through "pastiche" (Nachahmung, Zitat) -> away from abstract art/literature