Kinesiology of PE
Chapter 1: Foundations of Structural Kinesiology
Chapter 1: Foundations of Structural Kinesiology
Radioulnar movements
Supination
Externally rotating the radius in the tranverse plane so that it lies parallel to the ulna resulting in the palm-up position of the forearm
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Depression
Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane.
Ex: Returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug.
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Elevation
Superior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane.
Ex: Shrugging the shoulders
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Protraction (abduction)
Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine. Abduction of the scapula
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Retraction (adduction)
Backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine Adduction of the scapula
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Rotation downward
Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Occurs primarily in the return from upward rotation. The inferior angle may actually move upward slightly as the scapula continues in extremem downward rotation.
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Rotation Upward
Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward
Shoulder joint (glenohumeral) movements
Horizontal abduction
Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal extension or transverse abduction
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Horizontal Adduction
Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. also known as horizontal flexion or transverse adduction
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Scaption
Movement of the humerus away from the body in the scapular plane. Glenohumeral abduction in a plane 30 to 45 degrees between the sagittal and frontal planes.
Spine Movements
Lateral Flexion (side bending)
Movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane literally away from the midline. Abduction of the spine
Spine Movement
Reduction
Return of the spinal column in the frontal plane to the anatomic position from lateral flexion. Adduction of the spine
Wrist and Hand Movements
Dorsal Flexion (dorsiflexion)
Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving toward the posterior side of the forearm.
Wrist/Hand Movement
Palmar flexion
Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm.
Wrist/Hand Movements
Radial flexion (radial deviation)
Abduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm.
Wrist and Hand Movements
Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation)
Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm.
Wrist and Hand Movements
Reposition of the thumb
Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers
Accessory Motion: Roll(rock)
A series of points on one articular aurface contacts a series of points on another articular surface
Accessory Motion: Glide (slide, translation)
A specific point on one articulatin surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface
Accessory Motion: Spin
A single point on one articular surface rotates about a single point on another articular surface. Motion occurs around some stationary longitudinal mechanical axis in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
Structural Kinesiology
The study of muscles, bones, and joints as they are involved in the science of movement.
Anatomical Position
subject standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, with feet parallel and close and palms facing forward
Fundamental Position
essentially the same as the anatomical position, except that the arms are at sides with palms facing the body
Mid- Axillary Line
A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit)
Mid-Sternal Line
A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the middle of the sternum
Anterior Axillary Line
A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the anterior axillary skinfold
Posterior Axillary Line
A line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the posterior axillary skinfold
Mid-Clavicular Line
A line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the midpoint of the clavicle
Mid-inguinal point
Point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis
Scapula Line
line running vertically down the posterior surface of the body passing through the inferior angle of the scapula
Vertebral line
Line running vertically down through the spinous processes of the spine
Anterior
IN front or in the front part
Anteroinferior
in front and below
Anterolateral
In front and to the outside
Anteromedial
in front and toward the inner side or midline
Anteroposterior
Relating to both front and rear
Anterosuperior
in front and above
Bilateral
Relating to the right and left sides of the body or of a body structure such as the right and left extremities
Caudal
Below in relation to another structure inferior
Cephalic
Above in relation to another structure higher superior
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Flashcards
Extension
Straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane.
Ex: when hand moves away from the shoulder
Circumduction
Circular movement of limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone. It combo of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Ex: Shoulder joint or hip joint moves in a circular fashion around a fixed point, either clockwise or counterclockwise
Diagonal abduction
Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body, such as in the hip or glenohumeral joint
Diagonal adduction
Movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body, such as in the hip or genohumeral joint
External Rotation
Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body. Occurs in the tranverse plane and is also known as rotation laterally, outward rotation, and lateral rotation.
Internal Rotation
Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone toward the midline of the body. Occurs in the tranverse plane and is also known as rotation medially, inward rotation, and medial rotation.
Ankle/ Foot Movement
Eversion
Turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane; abduction.
Ex: standing with weight on the inner edge of the foot
Ankle/ Foot movement
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane; adduction.
Ex: standing with weight on the outer edge of the foot.
Ankle/Foor movement
Dorsal flexioin (dorsiflexion)
Flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane.
ankle/ foot movement
Plantar flexion
Extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from teh body in the sagittal plane
ankle/foot movement
Pronation
Position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe-out)
ankle/ foot movement
Supination
Position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in)
Radioulnar movements
Pronation
Internally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that it lies diagonally across the ulna, resulting in the palm-down position of the forearm.
Radioulnar movements
Supination
Externally rotating the radius in the tranverse plane so that it lies parallel to the ulna resulting in the palm-up position of the forearm
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Depression
Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane.
Ex: Returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug.
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Elevation
Superior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane.
Ex: Shrugging the shoulders
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Protraction (abduction)
Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine. Abduction of the scapula
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Retraction (adduction)
Backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine Adduction of the scapula
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Rotation downward
Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Occurs primarily in the return from upward rotation. The inferior angle may actually move upward slightly as the scapula continues in extremem downward rotation.
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Rotation Upward
Rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward
Shoulder joint (glenohumeral) movements
Horizontal abduction
Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body. Also known as horizontal extension or transverse abduction
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Horizontal Adduction
Movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body. also known as horizontal flexion or transverse adduction
Shoulder Girdle (scapulothoracic) movements
Scaption
Movement of the humerus away from the body in the scapular plane. Glenohumeral abduction in a plane 30 to 45 degrees between the sagittal and frontal planes.
Spine Movements
Lateral Flexion (side bending)
Movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane literally away from the midline. Abduction of the spine
Spine Movement
Reduction
Return of the spinal column in the frontal plane to the anatomic position from lateral flexion. Adduction of the spine
Wrist and Hand Movements
Dorsal Flexion (dorsiflexion)
Extension movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the dorsal or posterior side of the hand moving toward the posterior side of the forearm.
Wrist/Hand Movement
Palmar flexion
Flexion movement of the wrist in the sagittal plane with the volar or anterior side of the hand moving toward the anterior side of the forearm.
Wrist/Hand Movements
Radial flexion (radial deviation)
Abduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm.
Wrist and Hand Movements
Ulnar flexion (ulnar deviation)
Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm.
Wrist and Hand Movements
Reposition of the thumb
Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers
Accessory Motion: Roll(rock)
A series of points on one articular aurface contacts a series of points on another articular surface
Accessory Motion: Glide (slide, translation)
A specific point on one articulatin surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface
Accessory Motion: Spin
A single point on one articular surface rotates about a single point on another articular surface. Motion occurs around some stationary longitudinal mechanical axis in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
