Key Words in the Media
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Cartes-fiches
to move to a lower level, or cause something to move to a lower level
drop (verb)
to gradually become less, worse, or lower
decline (verb)
a time when the prices of most shares are rising
bull market (noun) [C]
a time when the price of shares is falling and a lot of people are selling them
bear market (noun) ]C]
a place where parts of the ownership of companies are bought and sold, or the organization of people whose job is to do this buying or selling
stock exchange (noun) [C usually sin- gular] (ALSO stock market)
a ... company or investment is one that can be trusted and is not likely to fail
blue-chip (adjective) [before noun]
someone who owns shares in a company
shareholder (noun) [C]
one of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided and which can be bought by members of the public
share (noun) [C]
to formally ask a court of law or similar authority to change its decision
appeal (verb)
an official order given by a court of law, usually to stop someone from doing something
injunction (noun) [C]
to make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden
disclose (verb)
to tell private or secret information to reporters or to the public
leak (verb) (noun) [C]
get access to phones or computers without permission
hacking (phone / com- puter) (verbal phrase)
a card / identification issued to media employees such as journalists, photographers etc.
press card (noun) [C]
to report the news about a particular important event
cover (a story) (verbal phrase)
to officially recognize, accept or approve of someone or something
accreditation (noun) [U]
not connected to or influenced by one particular person or group
impartial (adj)
angry or violent behaviour by people who are protesting about something
(civil) unrest (noun) [U]
someone who disagrees publicly with a government, especially in a country where this is not allowed
dissident (noun) [C]
not allow someone to look at information/documents
block / deny access to (information / documents (verbal phrase)
allow someone to look at information/documents
provide access to (information / documents) (verbal phrase)
to break or act against something (law, agreement, principle) or something that should be treated with respect
violate (verb)
the use of force/violence to control people
repression (noun) [U]
to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want
intimidate (verb)
to forbid (= refuse to allow), especially officially
ban (verb)
to put someone in prison
imprison (verb)
to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence
interrogate (verb)
to continue to annoy or upset someone over a period of time
harass (verb)
the act of causing great physical or mental pain in order to persuade someone to do something or to give information
torture (noun) [C or U] (verb)
someone who is taken as a prisoner by an enemy in order to force the other people involved to do what the enemy wants
(take / hold) hostage (noun) [C]
a large sum of money which is demanded in exchange for someone who has been taken prisoner
ransom (noun) [C or U]
to take a person away illegally by force, usually in order to demand money in ex- change for releasing them
kidnap (verb)
to keep someone in a police station or prison and not allow them to leave
detain (verb)
to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone
persecute (verb)
to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong or illegal, even though this has not been proved
allege (verb)
close observation of a person or group
(be) under surveillance (verbal phrase)
the basic rights which it is generally considered all people should have, such as justice and the freedom to say what you think
human rights (plural noun)
an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right of free expression; includes freedom of assembly and freedom of the press and freedom of religion and freedom of speech
First Amendment (US)
the legal or natural right to say what you believe is true, without being prevented or punished
freedom of speech (noun) [U]
someone's right to keep their personal matters and relationships secret
privacy (noun) [U]
