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Cartes-fiches
How much variation exists in a distribution of data
Means standard deviation
Bell shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the mean
Or average value of the population
Represents the number of units handled correctly through the process steps.
instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements
There might be 100 opportunities for a defect to occur on one billing statement. Instead of measuring the number of defects per unit or billing statement, Six Sigma measures the number of defects based on the number of opportunities.
measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities, it means 99.9999% service availability (30 seconds if down time a year)
needs to be done during almost every phase of the systems development life cycle
Is done to test each individual component. They are performed before moving onto the integration test.
Unit and system testing to test functionally grouped components; Ensures a subset of the entire system works together
Test the entire system as one entity. Focus on the big picture
Independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system. If focus on the business fit of the system to the organization, not technical issues.
Humphrey defines is anything that must be changed before delivery of the program
Quality improvement, quality planning, and quality control
Groups of non-supervisors and work leaders in a single company department who volunteer to conduct group studies on how to improve the effectiveness of work in their department
focus on eliminating defects by substituting scientific inquiry for trial-and-error methods.
Feigenbaum proposed that people who do the work should be responsible for the quality control as well.
Originated in 1987 in the U.S. to recognize companies that have achieved a level of world-class competition through quality management.
Quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.
Cost of conformance plus the cost of nonconformance
Delivering products that meet requirements and fitness for use
Taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations
Cost of planning and executing a project so that it is error-free or within an acceptable error range.
Cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.
Cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product
Cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer
The capital cost of equipment used to perform prevention and appraisal costs
Frameworks for helping organizations improve their processes and systems, For example SQFD, CCMI or the Project Management Maturity Model
Adaptation of the quality function deployment model suggested in 1986 as an implementation vehicle for Total Quality Management (TQM). SQFD focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects.
Process improvement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements of effective processes
The PMI published it in Dezember 2003. The model is based on market research surveys that had been sent to more than 30.000 project management professionals. It illustrate a best practice, capability, outcome, and kpi
