Instrumentation: Air Data and Gyros
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Lernkarten
In the artificial horizon the horizon symbol is rotated slightly clockwise and slightly down. If no error, this is an indication of:
small left bank angle and nose up attitude.
Which of the following is most correct when describing a Turn Co-ordinator?
It responds to rolling for a bank angle as well as turn
In a Turn and BANK Indicator, the gyro is spinning at a greater speed than normal. What will be the effect on the indicated rate of turn?
It will overread
Gyro: Pole problem ?
the tangent function is infinite at 90 degrees and has extremely large values close to 90 degrees => INS in the local vertical is not defined at the poles => results in large values for acceleration corrections
Gyro: Solution of teh pole problem
the elimination of its cause => the corrections for the accelerations in another coordinate system = problem solved ==> realized in the wander azimuth or fee azimuth system
Gyro: Schuler Loop and Error Dynamics
The normal drift of this system, the INS shows an oscillation (Schwingung) ==> Correction = Schuler oscillation = the initial alignment one horizontal accelerometer is not exactly in the local coordinate system
=> The schuler oscillation reduces errors to a small level
Gyro: Principle of Wander Azimuth / Free Azimuth System
The free azimuth system provides the solution for the pole problem => the coordinate system is no converging => When the accelerations corrections are done in the free azimuth system the INS is able to navigate in polar and everywhere on earth
Gyro: wander angle
teh axes in the horizontal plane are no longer oriented to True North and East. The angle between the x-axis and TN is called wander angle
Gyro: When the airvraft is moving, teh wander angle changes with the geographic longitude, teh coordinated must be converted => How is this done?
This is done with a matrix. => direction cosine matrix => the values are converted from the Free Azimuth System (blue) into the Earth Centered Earth Fixed system (red)
Gyro: What is the Schuler Feedback?
During flight the change of the angle is measured or calculated so that the matrix can solve the navigational problem
Gyro: Strap down system?
By the strap down INS the rotations of the gimbal frames are replaced by calculations => System does not use moveable parts like gimbals, torquer or mechanical gyros => The mechanical gyros are replaced by laser gyros
Gyro: By the Mode Selector Unit (MSU) what means NAV
the normal flight operating
Gyro: By the Mode Selector Unit (MSU) what means ATT
Wenn inflight Data verloren gehen, kann man hiermit die wichtigsten Infos wiedergeben => Gerade ausfliegen und Pitch, Roll and heading eingeben
Magnetic compass swinging is carried out to reduce as much as possible :
deviation
The quadrantal deviation of a magnetic compass is corrected by using:
pairs of permanent magnets (scissor magnets)
The purpose of a compass swing is to attempt to coincide the indications of:
compass north and magnetic north.
The purpose of compass swinging is to determine the deviation of a magnetic compass :
on any heading
The magnetic heading can be derived from the true heading by means of a:
map showing the isogonal lines
As magnetic latitude increases, the horizontal component (H) of the Earth´s magnetic field.........and the vertical component (Z).......
Decreases, increases
The Quadrantal error (temporary and permanent magnetism) on a compass is due to...
Hard and soft iron
In the vicinity (In der Nähe) of the magnetic North Pole the magnetic compass is useless because:
the horizontal component of the magnetic field is too weak.
What is the value of magnetic dip at the magnetic South Pole?
90 degrees
Which statement is true REGARDING the liquid in the magnetic compass bowl?
It turns with and in the same direction as the turn, thus adds to or subtracts from needle error.
With reference to gyromagnetic compass system the Annunciator receives an input signal from.
The Error Detector Unit
The detector unit (flux valve) is normally Fixed to:
Fixed to the aircraft in azimuth
Which of the following statements about a gyromagnetic compass system are true:
1. Turning and acceleration errors do not exist
2. Deviation is reduced by remote sensing
3. Turning errors are reduced by fast acting torque motors.
2
The heading information originating from the flux valve of a gyromagnetic compass system is sent to the:
error detector
The errors of the flux valve are identical to the errors of the direct reading compass, with an exception for:
the deviation error, that is smaller in magnitude.
The arrangement of three spokes, primary coil and secondary coils of a flux valve is suspended to the casing is such a way, that it is free to rotate within limits about:
the pitch and roll axis, but not the vertical axis.
An aircraft fitted with a direct reading compass decelerates on a northerly heading, what will be the change of heading
No change in indication
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn towards North if:
In the Southern hemisphere, during deceleration following a landing in a Westerly direction, the magnetic compass will indicate :
The flux valve in a remote reading compass is..
The frequency of the input and output voltage of the flux valve is:
The gyromagnetic compass torque motor :
The output of the ___________ of the gyromagnetic compass system is passed to the ____________:
Amplifier
An electronic amplifier, amplifier, or (informally) amp is an electronic device that increases the power of a signal.
An aircraft flying over Scandinavia, steering 270(M), accelerates. The magnet system of its direct reading compass will rotate..............(as VIEWED from above), which will cause the compass to...............:
The purpose of the flux-valve is:
to sense the direction of the earth's magnetic field relative to the airplane.
The crew notices that during a turn the annunciator of the gyromagnetic compass indicates an error signal. Which statement is true?
