Instrumentation: Air Data and Gyros
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Lernkarten
Gyro: A DG equipped aircraft is flying in the northern hemisphere (HDG 030) which indication occurs due to apparent drift caused by transport?
Indication to the north
Gyro: What is the difference between a Directional Gyro (DG) compared with a Gyrocompass=
The gyrocompass is able to seek the true north direction, the DG not. ==> Its indication is only stable for a limited time
Gyro: A rate gyro, what is that ?
a rate gyro senses angular velocity (Winkelgeschwindigkeit) => it is a gyro with only one gimbal tied with a spring to its housing => the rate of turn of the aircraft around the yaw axis
Gyro: Rate gyro degrees of freedom?
one degree of freedom
Slipping/Skidding
vgl. Bild
Gyro: Explain how the rate gyro produces an indication during a turn?
The gyro precesses (Kreiselbewegung) during a turn, this indicated in front of the instrument via a mechanical system
Gyro: What is the direction of rotation of the spinning mass inside a rate gyro?
the direction has to be away from the pilot, if looked upon from above
Gyro: What is the reason that a rate gyro spinks away from the pilot?
The reason is that the gyro precession in such a direction during a turn, that its axis is kept horizontal as good as possible.
Gyro: Turn coordinator whats that ?
indicates the angular rate around the roll axis ==> Changes around yaw and roll axis and the gimbals is tilted about 35 degrees
Gyro: rate gyro
a rate gyro indicates changes around the yaw axis only
Gyro: What is teh behaviour of a rate gyro during a standard turn if its RPM is well below required RPM?
The indication is less
Gyro: How is the indication of a rate gyro related to teh aircraft's TAS during a turn with standard rate?
The higher the TAS, the more the aircraft is banked. As a result the indication decreases with increasing TAS
Gyro: How is the gimbal mounted inside a rate gyro compared with a turn coordinator ?
rate gyro: gimbal is mounted horizontally, turn coordinator:gimbal is tilted about 35 degrees
Gyro: What is the task of the inclionometer inside a rate gyro or turn coordinator
It is the task of the inclinometer to indicate whatever the turn is flown coordinated or not
Gyro: pneumatically driven gyros are prefered (RPM 15'000 to 20'000). The pneumatic system was constructed as a x or y
The pneumatic system was constructed as a suction (sauger) system or pressure pump
Gyro: Why are pneumatic driven gyros not usable for high flight?
at higher flight levels (with lower static air pressure and less air density) the pumps may not be able to produce enough pressure
Gyro: Independent of wheter teh gyro by a turn coordinator is DC or AC supplied the RPM of teh gyro rotor is in the range of approximately
23'000 RPM
Gyro: What is the advantage of a suction pump compared with a pressure pump by the pneumatic driven gyro?
There is no pollution (beflecken) of the gyro due to oil or grease (Fett)
Gyro: How is the pneumatic pump for gyro power supply typically driven?
by an engine driven pump
Gyro: What type of power is typically in use for an electrically driven gyro in a small aircraft?
DC voltage
State the reasonwhy not all of the installed gyros in an aircraft are supplied pneumatically or electrically?
For safety reason, if one power source fails, the remaining one is able to drive the remaining gyro(s)
Gyro: Where can teh pilot identify whetever the power supply of the pneumatically driven gyro's is sufficient or not?
At the instruments air indicators
Gyro: Magnetism?
physical phenomena that includes forces exerted by magnets on other magnets => produced by electrical currents => When the current increases so does the electromagnetic field until a limit is reached
Gyro: ferromagnetism?
a magnetic field exists all the time
Gyro: paramagentic ? diamagnetic?
Paramagnetic: materials respond weakly to magnetic fields => attraction to a magnetic field
Diamagnetic: material respond strong => repel (Abstossen) to a magnetic field
Gyro: non-magnetics substance are ?
cooper, aluminum gases and plastics
Gyro: Characteristics of a Magnet?
a) two poles (North and south) b) Identical poles repel (Abstossen) one other c) Opposite poles attract one other
Gyro: Definition magnetic poles
The end at which the magnetic field vector is directed outward is defined as the magnets's north pole ==> directed inward = south pole The magnetic field of a bar magnet is defined as dipole because of its two poles
Gyro: What is teh mean of soft iron magnetism?
If the residual magnetism of a ferromagnetic material is week after magnetization it is called soft iron
Gyro: What is teh mean of hard iron magnetism?
If the residual magnetism of a ferromagnetic material is strong after magnetization, it is called hard iron
Gyro: State the approximate range for the earth magnetic field total intensity in uT ?
Between 30 uT and 70 uT
Gyro: The totak magnetic intensity of a huge horsehoe magnet is approximately
1000 uT
Gyro: Horizontal and Vertical Intensity ?
vgl. Bild
Gyro: Inclination/Dip?
The angle between the horizontal plane and the direction of the magnetic field at a specific place on Earth is called inclination or dip
Gyro: Where is the magnetic field lines are parallel to teh surface => Inclination angle is 0 degrees ?
the magnetic equator
Gyro: Isoclinic lines?
conect all places with identical inclinations
Gyro: Isodynamic lines?
connect all places on the Earth surface with equal magnetic field intensity => only the isodynamic lines that refer to the horizontal intensity of the earth's magnetic field of interest
Gyro: Isogonic lines?
connect all places where this variation is identical
Gyro: agonic?
the line which connects all places that show zero variation VAR = 0 degrees
Gyro: What is the task of the expansion chamber of a Direct Reading Compass?
To allow the liquid inside the compass to increase its volume when temperature increases ==> A bubble could lead to a destruction of the jewel bearing in a floated fluid compass after some time
