Instrumentation: Air Data and Gyros
Instrumentations
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Cartes-fiches
The error in altimeter readings caused by the variation of the
static pressure near the source is known as:
position pressure error
The altimeter consists of one or several aneroid capsules located in a sealed casing. The pressure in the aneroid capsule (i) and casing (ii) are respectively:
(i) almost vacuum (ii) static pressure
The principle of the Mach indicator is based on the computation of the ratio:
(Pt - Ps)/Ps
A leak in the pitot total pressure line of a non-pressurized aircraft to an airspeed indicator would cause it to:
under-read
When climbing at a constant Mach number...
CAS decreases.
If the static source to an airspeed indicator (ASI) becomes blocked during a descent the instrument will
over-read
VFE is the maximum speed...
with the flaps extended in a given position.
During a climb, the total pressure probe of the airspeed indicator becomes blocked; if the pilot tries to maintain a constant indication on the airspeed indicator, the actual calibrated airspeed...
decreases until reaching the stall speed.
Which statement is correct for the Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) when initiating a climb:
the pressure inside the capsule drops faster than the pressure inside the case.
The reading of a Mach indicator is independent of:
the outside temperature.
In standard atmosphere, when climbing at constant CAS:
TAS and Mach number increase.
Machmeter readings are subject to...
position pressure error
The mach number is the...
true airspeed (TAS) divided by the local speed of sound
The response time of a vertical speed detector (VSI) may be decreased by adding a...
correction based on an accelerometer sensor.
What is an operational difference between the turn coordinator and the turn and slip indicator?
The turn coordinator is sensitive to roll rate and turn rate and will therefore indicate when the turn is initiated.
A directional gyro as applied in aircraft is:
1) a gyroscope free around two axis
2) a gyroscope free around one axis
3) capable of North seeking
4) incapable of North seeking
The combination which regroups all of the correct statements is:
1 and 4
The directional gyro axis rotates about the local vertical by 15°/hour :
on the North pole
Which of the following cause Real Wander?
Mass imbalance and bearing friction
Apparent precession due to the Coriolis effect
The rotation of the Earth
Movement of the aircraft over the Earth
Mass imbalance and bearing friction
The principle of operation of the rate of turn indicator is based on:
precession.
A gyro contained in a single gimbal, with freedom of movement in only one plane in addition to the spin axis is called a:
a rate gyro
The moment of inertia (Trägheit) of a gyroscope is increased by:
increasing rotor diameter
A turn indicator is an instrument which indicates rate of turn. Rate of turn depends upon:
1) BANK angle
2) aeroplane speed
3) aeroplane weight
The combination regrouping the correct statements is:
1 and 2
The rate of precession of a gyro depends on:
1. force applied on the gyro axis,
2. moment of inertia (Trägheit) of the gyro rotor,
3. rotor RPM
1 2 and 3
The countermeasure to compensate apparent wander due to earth rate by creating a precession rate against the earth rate error is:
an intentional (absichtliche) unbalance on the horizontal gimbal.
An aircraft is stationary on the ground at 45°N. What will be the effect of the Earth Rate on the Directional Gyro Indicator (DGI)?
The DGI will appear to drift 10.6° /hour in a clockwise direction
A turn indicator is built around a gyroscope with:
1 degree of freedom
A space gyro can also be referred to as:
a free gyro
The Turn and BANK Indicator (TBI) uses a:
Horizontal rate gyro and a pendulous weight
What is the advantage of a Vertical Gyro Unit as opposed to an artifical horizon?
More elaborate electronics possible and availability of attitude information to other systems
When an aircraft has turned 270 degrees with a constant attitude and BANK, the pilot observes the following on a classic artificial horizon:
Too much nose-up and bank too high
When an aircraft has turned 360 degrees with a constant attitude and BANK, the pilot observes the following on a classic artificial horizon:
Attitude and bank correct
Which instrument may have its axis of rotation offset by approximately 2°?
Artificial horizon
When an aircraft has turned 90 degrees with a constant attitude and BANK, the pilot observes the following on a classic artificial horizon
too much nose-up and bank too low
What is the operating principle of the erection system of an artificial horizon? When the gyro spin axis deviates from the vertical, a correcting force:
perpendicular to the deviation must be generated, using precession.
A gyro used in an instrument which provides roll and pitch information has...
Two degrees of freedom and a vertical spin axis
A turn indicator is an instrument which indicates rate of turn. Rate of turn depends upon:
1) BANK angle
2) aeroplane speed
3) aeroplane weight
The combination regrouping the correct statements is
1 and 2
Electrical artificial horizons correct for topple in pitch by:
pitch gravity switches and pitch torquers mounted around the longitudinal axis
Following 180° stabilised turn with a constant attitude and BANK, the artificial horizon indicates:
too high pitch-up and correct banking
What does the gimbal system of an artificial horizon look like?
Two gimbals, gyro spin axis attached to the inner gimbal, the outer gimbal attached to the instrument casing.
Why is the balance indicator centred in a co-ordinated turn?
In a coordinated turn there is no resultant force in the lateral aircraft direction.
