Educational psychology

Space practice forces effortful retrieval and allow consolidation between practices.

Fixed mindset set performance goal.

Growth mindset set learning goal.

The rapid gain of massed practice is evident, but the rapid forgetting that follows is not.

Ask them to compare multiple examples instead of studying one example at a time.

combine information (from the environment and long-term memory) in new way

1. It provides vocabulary
2. It allows you to bridge logical gaps that writer leave
3. It allows chunking, which increases room in working memory and thereby makes it easier to tie ideas together
4. It guides the interpretation of ambiguous sentences.

1. Knowledge helps you understand.
2. Knowledge helps you to use memory instead of thinking, which is more brainpower-exhausting.
3. Knowledge is the basis for you to think
4. Knowledge helps you remember more.

Focused and diffuse mode

Getting stuck in solving a problem or understanding a concept as a result of being fixated on a flaw approach.

• make the neural connections required for normal thinking process.
• figure out tough problems and find meaning of what you learn.
• strenghten and rehearse the important parts of what you learn and forget the trivials.

The problem: It's difficult for player and coach to be attentive that whether success is happening, which fails the goal of practice to encode success. The possible reason: people think this match the reality, which is complex by nature.

1. An objective is measureable.
2. An objective is manageable: you should be able to accomplish it in the time available.
3. An objective should comes with mastery guidance - one or two things to focus on in doing it right.
4. An effective objective is made ahead of practice.

A drill intentionally distorts the setting in which participants will ultimately perform in order to focus on a specific skill under maximum concentration and to refine that skill intentionally.

In contrast, a scrimmage replicates key aspects of the performance's flow.

A drill is used for skill development, a scrimmage is used for evaluation and final preparation.

1. Statement of identification
2. Statement of replication
3. Statement of application

1. Vary the context of practice.
2. Create practice that require people to match right skills in right situations.

1. 1. It ensures people apply the feedback and evaluate it better. Sometimes people discuss/think too much about the feedback without seeing it in action.
2. It ensures people understand the feedback.
3. It allows the coach see whether his advice works.

It's important to set the difficulty at achieveable level because:

1. People will be more motivated to improve. Else they will be overwhelmed and desperately performing randomly.
2. The coach can give specific advice on the correction to be made.

Some coach impose excessive difficulty in hope that this will steepen the learning curve.

People can only focus on few things in a time, therefore you should not give too much feedback on ways of improvement.

If there are too much feedback,

• use a tracker to ensure what people hear is consistent and not overwhelming
• prioritize the feedback for people to know which feedback to focus on.

Critique involves telling a participant how to do it better, but correction means going back and doing it again, and doint it better as soon as possible.