Earth Science Regents Revision
I've created these flashcards to increase my chances of acing my Earth Science Regents.
I've created these flashcards to increase my chances of acing my Earth Science Regents.
91. The higher the specific heat the ____________ it takes to heat up and cool down.
91.The higher the specific heat the slower it takes to heat up and cool down.
92. Good absorbers of radiation are also good ______________s.
92. Good absorbers of radiation are also good radiators.
93. Hottest time of the year is ___ July __________(approx date), which is after the angle of insolation (6/21)
93.Hottest time of the year is ___ July __________(approx date), which is after the angle of insolation (6/21)
94. Hottest part of the day is _________(approx time) which is after the greatest angle of insolation ______.
94. Hottest part of the day is 2-3 o’clock (approx time) which is after the greatest angle of insolation (noon).
95. As altitude increases, air pressure ______________.
95. As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.
96. Air Pressure or Barometric Pressure is caused by the _____________ (___________ measures Air Pressure.)
96. Air Pressure or Barometric Pressure is caused by the weight of the air (Barometer measures Air Pressure.)
97. As altitude increases, the amount of water vapor _____________.
97. As altitude increases, the amount of water vapor decreases.
98. The greatest amount of water vapor is found in the ________________.
98. The greatest amount of water vapor is found in the troposphere (layer of atmosphere.)
99. The greatest atmospheric pressure occurs in the ______________.
99. The greatest atmospheric pressure occurs in the troposphere (layer of the atmosphere.)
100. As temperature increases, density of air ______________.
100. As temperature increases, density of air decreases.
101. As temperature increases, air pressure _________________.
101. As temperature increases, air pressure decreases.
102. As moisture content increases (humidity), air pressure ________________.
102. As moisture content increases (humidity), air pressure decreases.
103. As temperature increases, the moisture holding capacity of the air _______________.
103.As temperature increases, the moisture holding capacity of the air increases.
104. High pressure systems are associated with ________ weather conditions.
104. High pressure systems are associated with fair weather conditions.
105. Low pressure systems are associated with __________ weather conditions.
105. Low pressure systems are associated with rainy weather conditions.
106.In Low pressure systems winds blow ________ and ____________
106. In Low pressure systems winds blow inward and counterclockwise. (L.I.C.C.)
107. In high pressure systems winds blow ___________ and ____________.
107. In high pressure systems winds blow outward and clockwise (H.O.C.)
108. The center of a low pressure center, air __________ and ___________
108. The center of a low pressure center, air rises and converges (Low-CO)
109. At the center of a high pressure center air ___________ and ____________ (High-DI)
109.
- At the center of a high pressure center air sinks and diverges (High-DI)
110. The highest pressure is ______ and __________. Air pressure is lowest when it is ________ and ___________.
110. The highest pressure is cool and dry. Air pressure is lowest when it is warm and wet.
1. The _______ of any given substance will remain the same regardless of the size, shape, or mass of the sample.
1. The density of any given substance will remain the same regardless of the size, shape, or mass of the sample.
2. As the pressure increases, the density of a substance will ____________.
2. As the pressure increases, the density of a substance will increase.
3. As the temperature increases, the density __________.
3. As the temperature increases, the density decreases.
4. Water expands when it ____________ causing density to ______________.
4. Water expands when it freezes, causing density to decrease.
5. Most changes are __________, which means that they are predictable (repeating pattern).
5. Most changes are cyclic which means that they are predictable (repeating pattern)
6. Dynamic Equilibrium means _______ are occurring but overall they _______ out.
6. Dynamic Equilibrium means changes are occurring but overall they balance out.
7. Most substances are densest as a _______.
7. Most substances are densest as a solid.
8. Water is densest at __ degrees Celsius, when it is a _______.
8. Water is densest at 4° degrees Celsius, when it is a liquid.
9. Objects more dense than water ________, less dense will _________.
9. Objects more dense than water sink, less dense will float.
10. Because the Earth bulges slightly at the equator and is slightly flattened at the poles it is called an ______ ______.
10. Because the Earth bulges slightly at the equator and is slightly flattened at the poles it is called an oblate sphere.
11.The equatorial diameter is _____ than the polar diameter.
11.The equatorial diameter is greater than the polar diameter.
12. A person would weigh slightly _____ at the poles because he/she is _______ to the center of the Earth.
12.A person would weigh slightly more at the poles because he/she is closer to the center of the Earth.
13. The best model of the Earth’s shape is a ___________.
13. The best model of the Earth’s shape is a Perfect sphere (ping-pong ball).
14. Evidence for a round earth:
- photos from space (best evidence)
- ships disappear slowly over the horizon
- Earth’s shadow on the moon is curved (lunar eclipse)
- Polaris = latitude
15. The altitude of Polaris (North Star) above the horizon is the same as the observer’s _______.
15. The altitude of Polaris (North Star) above the horizon is the same as the observer’s latitude.
16. Polaris is located above the Earth’s __________ of ____________.
16. Polaris is located above the Earth’s axis of rotation.
17. You can only see Polaris in the __________ hemisphere –always have to look _______ to see Polaris.
17. You can only see Polaris in the northern hemisphere –always have to look north to see Polaris.
18. As a persons latitude increases, the altitude of Polaris __________.
18. As a persons latitude increases, the altitude of Polaris increases.
19. If you’re at 90°N, then Polaris is ___ above the horizon- If you are at 0° then Polaris is __° .
19. If you’re at 90°N, then Polaris is 90° above the horizon- If you are at 0° then Polaris is 0° .
20. _______ Lines run left to right (horizontal) but measures distances ________ and _______ of the equator.
20. Latitude Lines run left to right (horizontal) but measures distances north and south of the equator.
-
- 1 / 110
-
Lernkarten
41. The earth rotates from _____ to ______ (24 hours) at a rate of __° degrees per hour.
41. The earth rotates from west to east (24 hours) at a rate of 15° per hour.“Right Hand Rule”
42.The earth _________ around the sun (365 1/4) days.
42. The earth revolves around the sun (365 1/4) days.
43. All celestial objects appear to move from ________ to ________.
43. All celestial objects appear to move from east to west.
44. The moon has phases because it _______ around the _____.
44. The moon has phases because it revolves around the earth.
45. Eclipses only occur at the ____ and full moon phases.
45. Eclipses only occur at the new and full moon phases.
46. A lunar eclipse is when the ________ ________ is blocked out.
46. A lunar eclipse is when the full moon is blocked out.
47. A solar eclipse is when the __________ is blocked out.
47. A solar eclipse is when the sunlight is blocked out.
48. Earth’s seasons are caused by 1. Earth's ________________________
2. The ________ of the Earth’s Axis
3.____________ of the Earth’s Axis
48. Earth’s seasons are caused by 1. Earth’s revolution around sun
2.Tilt of the Earth’s Axis
3. Parallelism of the Earth’s Axis
49. Evidence of Earth’s revolution around the Sun is the changing _______ and ______________ throughout the year.
49.Evidence of Earth’s revolution around the Sun is the changing seasons and constellations throughout the year.
50. Summer solstice is on __________.
- The northern hemisphere is tilted ______ the Sun.
- The direct (perpendicular) rays of the sun hit the Tropic of _________.
- Sun rise rise north of _______, and sunset is north of ________ .
50. Summer solstice is on June 21.
- The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun.
- The direct (perpendicular) rays of the sun hit the Tropic of Cancer.
- Sun rise is north of east, and sunset is north of the west.
51. Winter solstice is on ____________.
- The _______ hemisphere is tilted towards the sun.
- The direct (perpendicular) rays of the sun hit the Tropic of _________.
- Sun rise is _______ of east, and sunset is ________ of west.
51. Winter solstice is on December 21.
- The southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun.
- The direct (perpendicular) rays of the sun hit the Tropic of Capricorn.
- Sun rise is south of east, and sunset is south of west.
52. Equinoxes are ________ and __________.
- The direct (perpendicular) rays hit the ______________.
- The sun rise____ west and sets ______ east on the equinoxes.
52. Equinoxes are March 21and September 23.
- The direct (perpendicular) rays hit the equator.
- The sun rise due east and sets due west on the equinoxes.
53. Duration of insulation = ________hours on the equinox.
53.Duration of insulation = 12 hours on the equinox.
54. The three important locations that receive the direct/perpendicular rays of the sun are:
Tropic of Cancer _______° , __°, and Tropic of Capricorn ______°
54. The three important locations that receive the direct/perpendicular rays of the sun are:
Tropic of Cancer 23.5 N°, Equator 0° , and Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 S°
55.Greatest angle of insolation/perpendicular/vertical rays of the Sun (overhead sun) can only occur
between _______°N & _______°S.
55. Greatest angle of insolation/perpendicular/vertical rays of the Sun (overhead sun) can only occur
between 23.5°N & 23.5°S.
56. The maximum duration of insolation is _____ hrs.
(and)
- The greatest duration of insolation can only occur at _____°N or ____°S
- The largest angle of insolation is ______ degrees.
- As the sun’s angle of insolation increases, the sun’s intensity __________.
- The equator always has ______ hours of daylight.
56. The maximum duration of insolation is 24 hrs.
(and)
- The greatest duration of insolation can only occur at 90°N or 90°S
- The largest angle of insolation is 90 degrees.
- As the sun’s angle of insolation increases, the sun’s intensity increases.
- The equator always has 12 hours of daylight.
57. The higher the altitude of the sun, the ____________ the shadow.
57. The higher the altitude of the sun, the shorter the shadow.
58. Shadows are the longest at ______/_____ (time of day). And the shortest at ________.
58. Shadows are the longest at sunrise/sunset (time of day). And the shortest at noon.
59. Noon shadows are the shortest in NY on ________(date). Longest on __________(date)
59. Noon shadows are the shortest in NY on June 21 (date). Longest on December 21 (date)
60. In NY, an observer must always look ________ to see the sun at noon.
60. In NY, an observer must always look south to see the sun at noon.
61. The sun is _________ at an observer’s zenith (90 degrees) in NY.
61. The sun is never at an observer’s zenith (90 degrees) in NY.
62. Winds, ocean currents and anything else moving across Earth are deflected (curve) because of the ________.
62. Winds, ocean currents and anything else moving across Earth are deflected (curve) because of the Coriolis Effect.
63. Foucault’s pendulum and Coriolis effect is evidence that the Earth _______s.
63. Foucault’s pendulum and Coriolis effect is evidence that the Earth Rotates.
64. Changing Seasons and Constellations is evidence that the Earth _____.
64. Changing Seasons and Constellations is evidence that the Earth Revolves.
65. The Earth is closer to the sun during the ______ season.
(and)
- Perihelion – earth is ______ to the sun.
- Aphelion – earth is ________ to the sun.
65. The Earth is closer to the sun during the ____ winter season.
(and)
- Perihelion is when earth is closest to the sun.
- Aphelion is when earth is farthest away to the sun.
66. The closer a planet is to the sun, the _______ its velocity as its orbits.
66. The closer a planet is to the sun, the faster its velocity as its orbits.
67. The closer a planet is to the sun, the ______ the gravitational attraction.
67. The closer a planet is to the sun, the stronger the gravitational attraction.
68. Gravity is greatest when the mass of objects are _______ and the distance between them is ____.
68. Gravity is greatest when the mass of objects are large and the distance between them is close.
69. ______ are caused by the moon's gravitational attraction
69. Tides are caused by the moon’s gravitational attraction
70. There are _ high tides, and _ low tides per day (12.5 hours apart)- a cyclic pattern.
*Describe at what location of the moon phase they are in.
70. There are 2 high tides, and 2 low tides per day (12.5 hours apart)- a cyclic pattern. (See Diagram)
71.*Pure Review*
- The farther from the Sun, the _____ the orbital path.
- As the distance between foci increases, the eccentricity ______ (closer to 1).
- The more _____ the orbit the less eccentric/elliptical it is.
- The closer the eccentricity is to 0 the more _______ , the closer it is to 1 the more ______ the orbit is.
- The earth’s orbit is extremely ______, almost perfect, but it is ______, see ESRT pg 15.
71.
*Pure Review*
- The farther from the Sun the slower the orbital path.
- As the distance between foci increases, the eccentricity increases (closer to 1).
- The more circular the orbit the less eccentric/elliptical it is.
- The closer the eccentricity is to 0 the more circular, the closer it is to 1 the more eccentric the orbit is.
- The earth’s orbit is extremely round, almost perfect, but it is slightly elliptical.
72. The color __________ absorbs, while _________ reflects energy.
72. The color black absorbs, while white reflects energy.
73. Smooth/shiny surfaces ________ more radiation, and rough dull surfaces __________more radiation.
73. Smooth/shiny surfaces reflect more radiation, and rough dull surfaces absorb more radiation.
74. ___________ transfers energy by direct contact (molecules collide).
74. Conduction transfers energy by direct contact (molecules collide).
75. Hot air and liquids______ because they are ______ dense and _______.
75. Hot air and liquids expand because they are less dense and rise.
76. Radiation – transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic _____________.
Electromagnetic energy is categorized based on _________ ________.
76. Radiation – transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic energy is categorized based on wavelength.
77. The portion of the sun’s electromagnetic energy that reaches the Earth’s surface with the maximum intensity is ___________.
77. The portion of the sun’s electromagnetic energy that reaches the Earth’s surface with the maximum intensity is visible light.
78. The ozone is found in the __________ layer of the atmosphere and absorbs harmful rays known as __________.
78. The ozone is found in the stratosphere layer of the atmosphere and absorbs harmful rays known as ultra violet.
79. When electromagnetic waves are bent due to density differences it’s called ____________.
79. When electromagnetic waves are bent due to density differences it’s called refraction.
80. As the amount of aerosols (vapors) in the atmosphere increases, the amount of the insolation reaching the earth ____________.
80. As the amount of aerosols (vapors) in the atmosphere increases, the amount of the insolation reaching the earth decreases.
