DEH 123: Head & Neck Anatomy
Chapter 3: Cranial Bones
Chapter 3: Cranial Bones
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Cartes-fiches
What are the 2 plates of the palate?
- Vertical: lateral wall of the nasal cavity
- Horizontal: posterior portion of the hard palate
What foramen are found in the palate?
- Greater palatine foramen: greater palatine nerve and blood vessels pass through
- Lesser palatine foramen: blood vessels and nerves of the soft palate and tonsils pass through
Both are openings to the pterygopalatine canal
This facial bone articulates withthe frontal, lacrimal, nasal, interior nasal concha, vomer, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones.
Maxilla
What are the 4 processes of the maxilla?
- Frontal: medial orbital rim
- Zygomatic: compeltes infraorbital rim
- Palatine: major portion of hard palate
- Alveolar: where the roots of the teeth are located.
From the anterior view of the maxilla there is a fissure that carries the infraorbital and zygomatic nerves; infraorbital artery and opthalmic vein. What is this fissure?
Inferior orbital fissure (sulcus, canal, foramen)
The maxillary canine has what features?
- Canine fossa; posterior-superior to the root
- Canine eminence: prominent ridge of bone
What can be seen on the inferior view of the maxilla?
- Incisive foramen: right and left nasopalatine nerves and blood vessesls
- Posterior superior alveolar foramina: PSA nerve ending and vessels
This is the only freely moveable bone of the skull. It articulates freely with the temoral bone to form the TMJ.
Mandible
What can be seen on the anterior view of the mandible?
- Mandibular symphysis: midline fusion point
- Mental foramen: between the apecies of 1st and 2nd premolars
- Body of the mandible
**FYI: Blood vessels and the mental nerve enter the mandibular canal through the mental foramen.
What can be seen from the lateral view of the mandible?
- Ramus
- Coronoid notch
- External oblique line
- Ramus
- Coronoid process
- Mandibular notch
- Neck
- Condyle
What can be seen fromt he medial view of the mandible?
- Genial tubercles
- Retromolar triangle (covered by retromolar pad)
- Mylohyoid line
- Sublingual fossa
- Submandibular fossa
What travels in themylohyoid groove of the mandible?
Mylohyoid nerve and vessels
This is the opening for the mandibular canal. The inferior alveolar nerve exits here.
Mandibular foramen
This is the attachment site for spenomandibular ligmanet.
Lingula
This is the junction of the frontal and nasal bones.
Nasion
This is formed by cartilage, ethmoid, and vomer.
Septum
How many paranasal sinuses are there?
4 paired, air filled, sinuses lined with mucous membranes.
What is primary and secondary sinsusitis?
- Primary sinusitits: membranes inflammed fromw within
- Secondary sinusitis: infection from another (outside) source
What are the 4 sinuses?
- Frontal: paired, communicates with middle meatus
- Sphenoid: paired, drain into the nasal cavity
- Ethmoid: divided into anterior, posterior, and middle
- Maxillary: posterior to the maxillary canine and premolars
What are 3 important fossa?
- Termporal fossa: fan shaped, expanded "temple region"
- Pterygopalatine fossa: cone shaped, close to apex of orbit
- Infratemproal fossa: inferior to anterior portion of temporal fossa
This is the pathway for spinal cord and associated tissues.
Vertebral foramen
This is the 1st vertebra that articulates with the skull and 2nd vertebra.
Atlas
This is the 2nd vertebra that articulates with the 1st.
Axis
This is the only bon in the body that is suspended and does not articulate with any other bone. It is the base of the tongue and larynx. It is the site of musclar attachment.
Hyoid
