DEH 123: Head & Neck Anatomy
Chapter 3: Cranial Bones
Chapter 3: Cranial Bones
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Lernkarten
How many bones does the human skull contain?
22 major bones
What are the 2 divisions of the skull bones?
- Cranial
- Facial
How many cranial bones are there?
- 6 total
- 4 Single
- 2 Paired
This cranial bone (single) articulates with the parietal, temporal, and sphenoid. The condlyes articlate with the atlas.
Occipital bone
What are some key features of the occipital bone?
- Foramen magnum: largest foamen that contains spinal cord, vertebral arteries, and 11th cranial nerve
- Occipital condlyes: articlate with atlas (turning of the head)
- Pharyngeal tubercle
- Hypoglossal canals: hypoglossal nerve passage
- Jugular notch: forms part of the jugular foramen
**The jugular notch is formed by the occipital and temproal bones
This cranial bone (single) articulates with the parietal bones, temproal, sphenoid, lacrimal, nasal, ethomoid, zygomatic, and maxilla.
Frontal bone
What are some features of the frontal bone?
- Supraorbital ridge: superior wall of the orbit
- Supraorbital notch: supraorbial artery and nerve passage
- Zygomatic process: lateral to the orbit
- Lacrimal fossa: contains the lacrimal glands
**FYI: The superior aspect of the zygomatic arch is formed by the frontal bone and the zygomatic bone
This is 1 of 2 cranial bones that is paired. They articulate with each other at the sagittal suture and with the occipital, frontal, temporal, and sphenoid.
Parietal bones
This is 1 of 2 paired cranial bones. They articulate with the zygomatic and one parietal bone, occipital, sphenoid, and mandible.
Temporal bones
What are the 3 portions of the temporal bones?
- Squamous
- Tympanic
- Petrous
This secton of the temproal bone forms the zygomatic process and the cranial portion of the TMJ. What are its 3 parts?
- Squamous portion
- Articular fossa
- Articular eminence
- Postglenoid process
This portion of the temporal bone forms most of the external acoustic meatus. The petrotympanic fissure seperates teh petrosal portion and tympanic portions. The chorda tympani nerve emerges here.
Tympanic portion
This portion of the temporal bone consists of the mastoid process (air cells communiate with middle ear also site of muscular attachment), mastoid notch, styloid process (attachment of tongue and pharyngeal muscles), stylomastoid foramen (facial nerve VII), carotid canal (caries carotid artery), and the jugular notch.
Petrous portion
**FYI: The jugular foramen is formed by the temproal and occipital bones. It caires the 9th, 10th, and 11th cranial nerves and jugular vein.
This cranial bone articulates with the frontal, parietal, ethmoid (anterior portion), temporal, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, vomer, and occipital (posterior portion).
Sphenoid bone
What are some features of the sphenoid bone?
- Wedge-like
- Superior orbital fissure carries 3rd, 4th, and 5th cranial nerves and opthalmic nerve and vein
- Framen rotundum carries the maxillary nerve
- Foramen ovale carries the mandibular nerve
- Foramen spinunosum
What are the 3 paired processes of the sphenoid bone?
- Lesser wing: base of the orbial apex, optic canal
- Greater wing: base of the orbital apex
- Pterygoid process: lateral border of posterior nasal apertures, a lateral and medial plate. The medial portion termination point is the hamulus
**FYI: The body contains paranasal sinus and shenoid sinus
This is part of the sphenoid that is known as the turkish saddle. It is located on the sphenoid bone and houses the pituitary gland. It is at the base of the skull.
Sella turcica
This cranial bone (single) articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, and maxillary. It adjoins the vomer and its inferior and posterior boarder.
Ethmoid bone
What are the 2 unpaired plates of the ethmoid bone?
- Perpendicular plate: vertical at midleine. Formes the nasal septum.
- Cribiform plate: horizonal perforations allow for olfacotry nerves to pass.
The lateral portion of the ethmoid consists of?
- Superior nasal conchae
- Middle nasal conchae
Together they form the medial aspect of the orbital wall.
**FYI: ethmoid sinus are located in the ethmoid bone
This suture articulates with the frontal and parietal bones.
Coronal
This is the suture that articulates the 2 parietal bones together.
Sagittal
This is the suture between the occipital and parietal.
Lambdoidal
This suture articulates the temporal and parietal bones.
Squamosal
This suture articulates the zygomatic and temporal bones.
Temporozygomatic
Theis suture articulates the palatal bones.
Median palatine
This is the suture that articulates the maxilla and palatine bones.
Transverse palatine
Label the orbit.
- Nasal bone
- Lacrimal bone
- Supraorbital notch
- Ethmoid bone
- Frontal bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Optical canal
- Superior orbital fissure
- Sygomatic bone
- Zygomatic foramen
- Inferior orbital fissure
- Infraorbital groove
- Maxilla
- Infraorbital foramen
- Palatine bone
- Nasolacrimal canal (fossa)
Which bones form each orbital aspect listed below.
- Roof
- Medial wall
- Lateral wall
- Apex
- Roof: frontal bone
- Medial wall: ethmoid and lacrimal
- Lateral wall: zygomatic and sphenoid
- Apex: spehnoid and palatine (maxilla completes the apex)
How many facial bones are there?
- 8 Total
- 2 Single
- 6 paired
This facial bone articulates with the ethmoid, nasal, palatine, maxillae, and sphenoid. The posterior-inverior boarder is free of any articulations.
Vomer
True/False:
The vomer has no muscle attachments.
True
The nasal septum is formed by the ____, the _____, and cartilage.
- Vomer
- Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
These (paired) facial bone articulates with the ethmoid, frontal, and maxillary bone. It is the smallest most fragile of the facial bones. It forms the nasolacrimal duct with the maxillary bone.
Lacrimal bones
These bones articulate at the midline of each other. They form the bridge of the nose and articulates superiorly with the frontal bone and laterally with the maxilla.
Nasal bones
This articulates with the ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, and maxillary bones. It is curved like a scroll. It is composed of fragile, thin, spongy bone. It increases the amount of mucous membrane and olfactory nerve endings exposed to inhaled odors.
Inferior nasal conchae
These bones articulate with the frontal, temporal, shenoid, and maxillary bones.
Zygomatic bones
What are the 3 processes of the zygomatic bones?
- Frontal: forms orbital wall
- Temporal: forms part of the zygomatic arch
- Maxillary: portion of the infraorbial rim and wall
The ____ process of the zygomatic bone and the ____ process of the temproal bone create the zygomatic arch.
- Temporal process
- Zygomatic process
These paired facial bones articulate with each other and the maxillary and sphenoid bones.
Palatine
