DEH 103: Histology & Embryology

Chapters 9 & 10: Dental Pulp and Cementum

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Kelsie Orndorff

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Kelsie Orndorff

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This flashcard set covers advanced histology and embryology topics at the university level, focusing on the structure and function of teeth and supporting tissues. It delves into the composition of bone, the periodontal ligament (PDL), and cementum, highlighting key elements like cells, nerves, and blood supply. The flashcards explore the roles of odontoblasts, the zones of the pulp, and the relationships between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and enamel. This set is ideal for dental and medical students seeking to understand the intricate details of dental anatomy and its clinical implications.

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Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Médecine

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

04.01.2014 / 07.02.2025

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Name 5 reasons for bone resorption.

Mesial drift
Orthodontics
Tooth eruption
Periodontal disease
Malocclusion trauma

What is the 1st layer of cementum desposited and what is it also known as?

Cementoid
Intermediate cementum

What does the appositional growht of cementum result in?

Incremental lines

After trauma or tooth movement what happens to cementum?

Resorption and reversal line formation

What attachment is imbedded into bone and cementum to help anchor the tooth?

Sharpey's fibers

Name the term for excess cementum at the root apex?

Hyercementosis (cemtnum hyperplasia)

What is teh name of groups of epithelial cells that get located near cementum in the PDL during root formation after Hertwigs sheath disintegrates?

Rests of Mlassez

What is the most abundant cell in the PDL and what do they form?

Fibroblasts and collagen fibers

What is located between bundles of principle fibers of the PDL -- where nerves, lymphatic's, and blood supply are carried?

Interstitial space

Name 2 of 3 blood vessles that run through the PDL?

Posterior alveolar arteris
Inferior alveolar arteries
Facial artery

What nerve supplies the maxillary and mandibular arches? Name each division.

2nd division of the trigeminal nerve (maixllary)
3rd division of the trigeminal nerve (mandible)

What are the classificaion groups for fibers for the PDL and how many are in each of these groups?

Dentoalverolar (5)
Gingival (4)

What are the 4 main functions of the PDL?

Supportive
Sensory
Nutritive
Formative

What is the compact bone that supports the tooth in the socket? What is it called in radiographs?

Alveolar process (bundle bone)
Lamina dura

Why is compact bone sometimes referred to as cribriform plate?

B/c it has Volkmann's canals that pass into the PDL for nutrients

What type of bone is not seen on periapical or bite wing radiographs?

Support bone, cortical bone, or cortical plate

What is the name of the bone that is between the supporting bone and alveolar bone proproer?

Trabecular, cancellous, spongy bone

What is the name of the bone located between the teeth visible on radiographs? Where is this relation to the CEJ in health?

Alveolar process
1-2 mm apical to the CEJ

What are teh 2 bony defects that can occur during tooth movement? Descrive them both.

Fenestrations: windows at the apex of the tooth.
Dehiscence: clefting at the coronal of the tooth

What is the functional unit of bone?

Osteon (Haversian system)

What cells form the pulp?

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Cells of the dental papilla of the embryo

What are the 2 divisions of pulp in a tooth?

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Coronal pulp: in the crown larger portion than root. Has 6 surfaces (M, D, B, L, O, floor). Pulp horns extend into the cusps of the teeth.
Radicular pulp: in the roots. Has an opening through the cementum into the surrounding PDL

The apical foramen is the opening in the cementum in which the pulp extends into the PDL. How wide is this hole.

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0.3 - 0.6 mm

What is the intercellular matrix of pulp composed of?

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Veins
Arteris
Nerves
Fibroblasts
Collagen fibers

What is the histology of young pulp?

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Fibroblasts: most numerous cell. Star shaped and responsible for formation of collagen fibers and ground substance of the pulp
Histocytes & undifferentiated mesencyhmal cells: defense mechanism
Odontoblasts: specialized dentin tissue cells

What are teh 4 zones of the pulp?

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Odontoblastic zone (odontogenic zone)
Cell-free zone
Cell-rich zone
Pulpal core

This is the 1st zone of pulp that is closest to the dentin. It lines the outer pulpal wall and consists of bodies of the odotoblastic process located in the dentinal tubules in the adjacent tooth. Odontoblasts are capeable of forming secondary and tertiary dentin.

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Odontoblastic zone (odontogenic zone)

What are the 3 types of junctions that can be found in the odontoblastic zone?

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Tight: maintaines relationship between cells. Prevents pulp leakage into dentin
Gap: openings between odontoblasts for communication
Intermediate: combination of the above 2

This zone is nearest to the odontoblastic layer inward from the dentin. This zone consists of fewer cells than the next zone up. Nerve and capillary plexus are located here.

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Cell-free zone

This is the next layer located next to the cell free zone. It is rich in cells and contains extensive vascular and neural systems.

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Cell-rich zone

This is the core of the pulp. It is the innermost zone and has very extensive vascular and neural supply.

Pulpal core

What are 3 types of nerve cells?

Schwan cells: line the myelin sheath
Endothelial cells: line capillaries, veins, and arteries
Pericytes and undifferentiated cells: called into action when odontoblast or fibroblasts are needed.

What are 3 theories of pain reception?

Direct innervation theory: nerves extend to DEJ
Transduction theroy: odontoblasts process is the receptors
Hydrodynamic theroy: dentinal tubules contain fluid that fluctuate to the pulp chamber and transmit impulses

True/False:

Blood pressure and flow is more rapid the the pulp than any other part of the body.

True

What are the 5 functions of the pulp?

Inductive
Formative: produce collagen fibers and the groud substance of dentin
Protective: resonse to stimuli.
Nutritive: recieve nutrients from the bloodstream
Reparative: sclerotic or 2nd dentin formation

These are mineralized bodies, irregular and round shaped requenly found in the pulp of teeth that have experienced trauma.

Pulp sntes (denticles)

What does aging pulp look like?

Pulp horns receded
Increase in colalgen and decrease in intracellular substance
Smaller pulp cavity r/t secondary tertiary dentin

What are the 2 major functions of cementum?

Attach the teeth to bone
Anchor the PDL

Where is the cementum the thickest / thinnest?

Thickest: apex
Thinnest: cej

What are the functions of cementum?

Tooth attachment medium (primary function)
Protect the root dentin
Serves as the mending tissue in a fracture site
Compensate for the loss of occlusal tooth tissue

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Why is compact bone sometimes referred to as cribriform plate?

B/c it has Volkmann's canals that pass into the PDL for nutrients

What type of bone is not seen on periapical or bite wing radiographs?

Support bone, cortical bone, or cortical plate

What is the name of the bone that is between the supporting bone and alveolar bone proproer?

Trabecular, cancellous, spongy bone

What is the name of the bone located between the teeth visible on radiographs? Where is this relation to the CEJ in health?

Alveolar process
1-2 mm apical to the CEJ

What are teh 2 bony defects that can occur during tooth movement? Descrive them both.

Fenestrations: windows at the apex of the tooth.
Dehiscence: clefting at the coronal of the tooth

What is the functional unit of bone?

Osteon (Haversian system)

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DEH 103: Histology & Embryology

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