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• Onset during a hypertensive crisis
• Progression of symptoms within minutes
• Early, excessive vomiting
• Early/immediate loss of consciousness
• Acute onset of headache

occipitaler Kopfschmerz

Meningismus

Krampfanfälle

Kopfschmerzen

Lacuna: Lücke

Penetrating artery occlusions -> develop over a short period of time, typically minutes to hours.

stuttering course may ensue,

symptoms sometimes evolve over several days

lacunar infarction is the main ischemic stroke subtype associated with worsening motor deficits after hospital admission

Keine "kortikalen" Symptome: aphasia, agnosia, neglect, apraxia, or hemianopsia (so-called "cortical" signs). Monoplegia, stupor, coma, loss of consciousness, and seizures also are typically absent

Symptome mit hohem prädiktivem Wert für lakunären Infarkt:

• Pure motor hemiparesis

●Pure sensory stroke

●Ataxic hemiparesis

●Sensorimotor stroke

●Dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome

Preceding TIAs and nonsudden onset may increase the positive predictive value

Vorausbestehende kardiale Erkrankung:

mechanical or cardiac valve dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, left atrial and/or ventricular thrombus, dilated cardiomyopathy, recent myocardial infarction (<4 weeks), left ventricular aneurysm, sick sinus syndrome, infective myocarditis, or atrial myxoma

Verschliesst unterschiedliche Gefässregionen

• Sudden onset, with maximal severity at onset
• Onset usually during activity, in awake state; presentation on awakening is unusual
• Recurrent TIAs in different anatomical areas

• Contralateral motor and/or sensory deficit of face and arm more than leg
• Higher cerebral dysfunction (aphasia, apraxia)
• Conjugated ipsilateral eye deviation in large infarcts
• Homonymous visual field defects, alone or in combination with above