ACT General Basics Function (Primary & Secondary)

Too much drag for economic cruise (most probably return to base)

Zero Flaps Landing (high approach speed, long landing distance)

Dangerous emergency Situation!

Aerodynamic Surface on the Lleading edge of the wings of fixed Aircraft which can be deflected to allow the wing to operate at a higher angle of attack.

Fixed aerodynamic device employed on fixed-wing aricraft to modify the airfoil used. They can be either factory-installed or, more commen, an after-market modification.

Fixed slot and leading edge cuff

Movable Slot and Leading edge flap

Reduced aerodynamic forces allow the movable slot to extend by way of spring when needed. this ist normally used on light aircrafts only

the movable slot or the leading edge flap extension can be controlled by the pilot. this is commonly used on airliners

to much drag for economic cruise (most probably return to base)

clean configuration landing (high approach speed, long landing distance)

Dangerous emergency Situation!

Spoilers are plates on the top surface of the wing which can be extended upwards into the airflow

Mainly to reduce the lift or spoil the airflow when the Aircraft touch the ground. so the Aircraft wouldn't hop on the runway.

Also it is used in flight  to reduce the Lift-Force on one wing and help the aircraft to roll.

Additionally there are Airplanes which have no Ailerons the roll exklusively with the Spoilers (advantege No Adverse Yaw is produced)

special design for roll on a few aircrafts only (e.g. Mitsubishi MU-2, no ailerons installed)

in flight to sustain ailerons

in flight to reduce speed and/or increase rate of decent

after touch-touch to destroy lift and make the brake more effective

to increase drag in any form it is possible

there are different system/ on different aircraft manufaturers

To increase drag and destroy Lift

Mainly after Touch-Down to help brake the Aircraft and reduce the brake force on the Brakes.

Control Stick (France)

Control Wheel (USA)

Side Stick (New Generation)

With the Pedals

With cables or push/pull rods

Fracture, rupture, blockage by foreign object or freezing of these mechanical connections, can lead to a dangerous emergency situations

to Break or/and steer the airplane on ground.

By a steerable Nose wheel or

if it's a Tailwheel Airplane by different braking

Rudder Function - Left/right conected

Rudder turns to the right or even to the left

Brake Function -  Left/Right independant

Main wheel brake are connected independant to the pedals with hydraulic Lines

Left Aileron up (decrease Lift)

Right Aileron down (Increase Lift, Increase Drag)

Airplane rolls to the Left

Airplane Yaw's to the right

Elevator deflects down (increases Lift)

More Lift on the tail Airplane Pitch down

Elevator deflects up (decrease Lift)

Less Lift on the Tail Airplane pitch up

because CG is between Wing and tail

Push the right Pedal

Rudder deflects to the right

Force applies on the right and pushes the Tail to the left

Nose turns to the Right

Push the leftPedal

Rudder deflects to the left

Force applies on the leftand pushes the Tail to the right

Nose turns to the Left

due to the defelctions of the Aileron Different Forces applies ont the wing (lfit / drag)

e.g. to turn left the right wing has to go up but with the increasing lift also Drag increase. the reason is that the Aiplane starts to Yaw to the left, thats why the Pilot has also to deflect the rudder to compensate the adverse Yaw.

rudder-aileron interconnect spring help to correct for aileron drag by automatically deflecting the rudder at the same time the ailerons are deflected

Aerodynamic self-stabilizing Horizontal Tail

Free moving stabilator with auto-defelcting antisevo tab

.

Stabilator has a better control because of the bigger moving Surface and the Antiservo-Tab moves automatically

Control Lock (Gust Lock) prevents damage to control links and to control sufaces on paked Aircraft in windy (gusty) condition.

Normaly Remarkt with ( Remove befor Flight)

Because not removed contol ock have a big issue in flight!

A small Surface at the end of the trailling edge ot the elevator surface to reduce or compensate the stick-froce due to speed or load distribution.

it's mostly done by the trim wheel mechanically or electronically with a switch on the wheel stick

if the airplane is well trimmed if will fly straight forward at a certain speed without any stick input (stick input reduced/compensated to zero)