On the 30°N parallel, variations in the duration of a daylight period will be greatest when the Sun is:

Halfway between the Equator and the tropic of Cancer.

At 00:00 Local Mean Time the...

mean Sun is in transit with the observer’s anti-meridian.

apparent Sun is in transit with the observer’s meridian.

apparent Sun is in transit with the observer’s anti-meridian.

mean Sun is in transit with the observer’s anti-meridian.

mean Sun is in transit with the observer’s meridian.

What is the only true great circle on the surface of the WGS-84 ellipsoid?

The great circle that is coincident with the Equator.

The track along any meridian from pole to pole.

The great circle that crosses the Equator at 045° (T).

Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the appearance of great circles, with the exception of meridians, on a Polar Stereographic chart?

The higher the latitude, the closer they approximate to a straight line.

They are curves convex to the Pole.

Any straight line is a great circle.

They are complex curves that can be convex and/or concave to the Pole.

The main reason to keep the VFR chart lined up with the current track is...

better visualization of terrain.

that aeronautical and topographical information can be easily read.

better visualization of terrain.

that it is easier to distinguish the required track in case of diversion.

that it saves space in the cockpit.

card2brain.ch

You are flying a low level VFR flight over a snowy area with no visual checkpoints. What should you do?

Start flying larger concentric circles.

Climb to avoid blowing snow.

Climb to a higher level and initiate the lost procedure.

Proceed and turn at the next checkpoint based on time.

Start flying larger concentric circles.

Climb to avoid blowing snow.

Climb to a higher level and initiate the lost procedure.

Proceed and turn at the next checkpoint based on time.

An aeronautical chart is conformal when...

every great circle is represented by a straight line in the map.

the meridians and parallels are perpendicular to each other.

the map is an equidistant normal projection.

at any point the scale over a short distance in the direction of the parallel is equal to the scale in the direction of the meridian and the meridians are perpendicular to the parallels.

every great circle is represented by a straight line in the map.

the meridians and parallels are perpendicular to each other.

the map is an equidistant normal projection.

at any point the scale over a short distance in the direction of the parallel is equal to the scale in the direction of the meridian and the meridians are perpendicular to the parallels.

During flight, the bearings are typically referenced to...

The True North or Magnetic North.

The Magnetic North only.

The True North only.

The aircraft's longitudinal axis.

The True North or Magnetic North.

The Magnetic North only.

The True North only.

The aircraft's longitudinal axis.

Which one of the following VFR navigation techniques provides to a pilot the maximum amount of time to check for other traffic and also maintain a good situational awareness?

Identify a feature to be used for guidance as far as possible down the planned track.

Keep a continuous update of the position by looking within a short distance of the aircraft.

Plan to fly from point to point as identified on the map and then on the ground.

Delay any aircraft system checks until the aircraft is turned onto a new heading.

Identify a feature to be used for guidance as far as possible down the planned track.

Keep a continuous update of the position by looking within a short distance of the aircraft.

Plan to fly from point to point as identified on the map and then on the ground.

Delay any aircraft system checks until the aircraft is turned onto a new heading.

Given that you are to travel from location A (30°S, 168°E) to location B (8°S, 175°W) in October, you expect the duration of daylight at location B to be (1) _____ than at location A, and the rate of change of apparent solar day to be (2) _____.

(1) longer; (2) slower.

(1) shorter; (2) faster.

(1) shorter; (2) slower.

(1) longer; (2) faster.

(1) longer; (2) slower.

(1) shorter; (2) faster.

(1) shorter; (2) slower.

(1) longer; (2) faster.

What is the correct definition of geodetic latitude? The angle between a...

Line parallel to the equatorial plane from a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the spin axis.

Line perpendicular from a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the equatorial plane.

Line tangential to the equatorial plane from a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the spin axis.

Line perpendicular to the nearest latitude.

Line parallel to the equatorial plane from a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the spin axis.

Line perpendicular from a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the equatorial plane.

Line tangential to the equatorial plane from a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the spin axis.

Line perpendicular to the nearest latitude.

The distance between geodetic parallels of latitude on the surface of the WGS 84 ellipsoid...

Remains constant.

Increases and then decreases.

Decreases with increasing latitude.

Increases with increasing latitude.

Remains constant.

Increases and then decreases.

Decreases with increasing latitude.

Increases with increasing latitude.

Seasons are due to the...

variable distance between the Earth and the Sun.

inclination of the polar axis with the ecliptic plane.

Earth’s rotation on its polar axis.

Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun.

variable distance between the Earth and the Sun.

inclination of the polar axis with the ecliptic plane.

Earth’s rotation on its polar axis.

Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun.

According to ICAO Annex 4, what kind of colour should contour lines on aeronautical charts have?

black

brown

orange

blue

black

brown

orange

blue

You are flying a low level VFR flight over a snowy area with no visual checkpoints. What should you do?

Start flying larger concentric circles.

Climb to avoid blowing snow.

Climb to a higher level and initiate the lost procedure.

Proceed and turn at the next checkpoint based on time.

Start flying larger concentric circles.

Climb to avoid blowing snow.

Climb to a higher level and initiate the lost procedure.

Proceed and turn at the next checkpoint based on time.

What scenario will give the greatest difference between nautical air miles and ground miles?

Headwind at low altitude

Tailwind at high altitude

Tailwind at low altitude

Headwind at high altitude

Headwind at low altitude

Tailwind at high altitude

Tailwind at low altitude

Headwind at high altitude

What is the shortest distance between a point on the Tropic of Cancer at longitude 60°W and its anti-meridian, located at the opposite side of the Northern Hemisphere?

Over the South Pole, approximately 8160 NM.

Along the parallel of latitude (in the East-West direction), approximately 7980 NM.

Over the North Pole, approximately 7980 NM.

The distance will be the same over the North Pole and along the parallel of latitude, approximately 9904 NM.

Over the South Pole, approximately 8160 NM.

Along the parallel of latitude (in the East-West direction), approximately 7980 NM.

Over the North Pole, approximately 7980 NM.

The distance will be the same over the North Pole and along the parallel of latitude, approximately 9904 NM.

Which of the following statements is correct when two vectors are added in order to give a resultant vector?

The head of one vector is added to the head of the other vector.

The vectors can be added together in any configuration.

The tail of one vector is added to the head of the other vector.

The tail of one vector is added to the tail of the other vector.

The head of one vector is added to the head of the other vector.

The vectors can be added together in any configuration.

The tail of one vector is added to the head of the other vector.

The tail of one vector is added to the tail of the other vector.

The sidereal day is..

shorter in winter than in summer.

of constant duration.

a means to find apparent time by applying the equation of time.

introduced because of GPS.

shorter in winter than in summer.

of constant duration.

a means to find apparent time by applying the equation of time.

introduced because of GPS.

An agonic line is a line which connects...

positions that have the same variation.

points of equal magnetic dip.

points of equal magnetic horizontal field strength.

positions that have 0° variation.

positions that have the same variation.

points of equal magnetic dip.

points of equal magnetic horizontal field strength.

positions that have 0° variation.

What statement is correct as regards the properties of a Great Circle?

The intersection point of a great circle and the Equator are named "the vertices", which are positioned 180° apart in longitude.

Both vertices of a great circle are positioned at the same latitude and 180° apart in longitude on the same hemisphere.

Both vertices of a great circle are situated at the same distance respectively North and South of the Equator and 180° apart in longitude.

The latitudes of both vertices are of different values, the longitudes are equal although respectively East and West.

The intersection point of a great circle and the Equator are named "the vertices", which are positioned 180° apart in longitude.

Both vertices of a great circle are positioned at the same latitude and 180° apart in longitude on the same hemisphere.

Both vertices of a great circle are situated at the same distance respectively North and South of the Equator and 180° apart in longitude.

The latitudes of both vertices are of different values, the longitudes are equal although respectively East and West.

What is required to establish a track plot?

The last position and the DR position.

The air position and a pinpoint.

The last position, air position and DR position.

At least two pinpoints or fixes.

The last position and the DR position.

The air position and a pinpoint.

The last position, air position and DR position.

At least two pinpoints or fixes.

What is the definition of the Geodetic Longitude?

The angle between the plane of the meridian that passes through a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the plane of the prime meridian.

The distance between the plane of the meridian that passes through a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the plane of the prime meridian.

The distance between the plane of the meridian that passes through a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the plane of the anti-meridian.

The angle in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the anti-meridian of the point.

The angle between the plane of the meridian that passes through a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the plane of the prime meridian.

The distance between the plane of the meridian that passes through a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the plane of the prime meridian.

The distance between the plane of the meridian that passes through a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and the plane of the anti-meridian.

The angle in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the anti-meridian of the point.

What is the chart characteristic which achieves the ICAO requirement of a straight line on an en-route chart approximating to a great circle track on the Earth?

The chart conversion angle must be less than 30°.

Chart convergence approximates to Earth convergence.

The scale must change at the same rate in all directions.

Meridians and parallels of latitude intersect at 90°.

The chart conversion angle must be less than 30°.

Chart convergence approximates to Earth convergence.

The scale must change at the same rate in all directions.

Meridians and parallels of latitude intersect at 90°.

The rate of change of the declination of daylight is greatest during the time of (1) _____ because the rate of change of the declination of daylight is (2) _____ proportional to the declination of the Sun.

(1) solstices; (2) directly.

(1) equinoxes; (2) directly.

(1) solstices; (2) indirectly.

(1) equinoxes; (2) indirectly.

(1) solstices; (2) directly.

(1) equinoxes; (2) directly.

(1) solstices; (2) indirectly.

(1) equinoxes; (2) indirectly.

Refer to figure or chart E(LO)2 from the Jeppesen GSPRM 2017. The Lambert chart has its standard parallels at 37°N and 65°N. An aircraft is flying at (N55°00.0', W011°00.0') position and its magnetic heading is 136°. The relative bearing from the aircraft to the Donegal NDB (CFN) (N55°02.6', W008°20.4') is 318°. The true bearing to be plotted from the NDB to the aircraft position is...

272°(T).

268°(T).

266°(T).

270°(T).

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

272°(T).

268°(T).

266°(T).

270°(T).

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a great circle route on a Lambert conformal conic chart? A straight line will approximate to a great circle course if the...

straight line follows the parallel of origin.

great circle course is a curve concave to the parallel of origin.

sine of the parallel of origin is equal to the convergence factor.

straight line is close to the parallel of origin.

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

straight line follows the parallel of origin.

great circle course is a curve concave to the parallel of origin.

sine of the parallel of origin is equal to the convergence factor.

straight line is close to the parallel of origin.

What is the track error angle? Given: Planned track: 252°(T), Actual heading: 252°(T), Actual in-flight drift: 3° right.

3° right

3° left

0°

6° right

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

3° right

3° left

0°

6° right

Refer to figure or VFR chart ED-4 from Jeppesen GSPRM 2017. What type of reporting point is point S (N48°19' E007°30')?

On request fly-over point

Compulsory fly-by point

On request fly-by point

Compulsory fly-over point

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

On request fly-over point

Compulsory fly-by point

On request fly-by point

Compulsory fly-over point

The pilot is in radio contact with an Air Traffic Control unit but has become unsure of the aircraft's position. The pilot's initial action(s) if fuel is NOT critical is:

Turn back towards the aircraft's last confirmed position.

Change frequency to 121.5 MHz and make an urgency (PAN) call.

Continue to fly on the current heading until position is established.

Note the time and request assistance from the ATC unit.

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

Turn back towards the aircraft's last confirmed position.

Change frequency to 121.5 MHz and make an urgency (PAN) call.

Continue to fly on the current heading until position is established.

Note the time and request assistance from the ATC unit.

A pilot plans a VFR flight on a dry summers day. The pilot chooses to navigate using features such as rivers, roads, railways, and windmills. Which of the following can make VFR navigation referring to these features on the chart more difficult?1. Many parallel roads in densely populated urban areas2. Large asphalt roads covered in dust3. Railway lines shown on the chart but WITHOUT detailed information4. Numerous windmills in the area overflown, including ones not shown on the chart.

2 and 4

1 and 3

1 and 4

2 and 3

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

2 and 4

1 and 3

1 and 4

2 and 3

How does the chart convergency change with latitude in a Lambert Conformal projection?

It changes with cosine of latitude.

It is constant and does not change with latitude.

It increases with increase of latitude.

It changes with sine of latitude.

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

It changes with cosine of latitude.

It is constant and does not change with latitude.

It increases with increase of latitude.

It changes with sine of latitude.

Plotting positions in charts by Dead Reckoning (DR) may be required...

during a flight with limited equipment and few navigational aids.

during a flight over sea using INS/IRS and GPS navigation.

in areas with high densities of airways and navigation aids.

when any of the radio-navigation, INS or GPS sources are unavailable.

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

during a flight with limited equipment and few navigational aids.

during a flight over sea using INS/IRS and GPS navigation.

in areas with high densities of airways and navigation aids.

when any of the radio-navigation, INS or GPS sources are unavailable.

The great-circle distance between A (30°N, 010°W) and B (30°N, 020°E) is 1554.3 NM. What is the difference between the great-circle distance and the rhumb-line distance between C (40°N, 010°W) and D (40°N, 020°E)?

4.5 NM.

less than 4.5 NM.

0 NM.

greater than 4.5 NM.

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

4.5 NM.

less than 4.5 NM.

0 NM.

greater than 4.5 NM.

Refer to figure.What is the initial track direction (°T) and distance (NM) from DEN HELDER (HDR) VOR/DME (52°54'N, 004°46'E) to point A (54°00'N, 004°00'E)?

338° (T) and 118 NM

158° (T) and 71 NM

158° (T) and 118 NM

338° (T) and 71 NM

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

338° (T) and 118 NM

158° (T) and 71 NM

158° (T) and 118 NM

338° (T) and 71 NM

An aircraft flies a compass heading of 235°(C) to correct for an 8° drift to the right. The variation is 12°W and the deviation is 2°E. What is the aircraft's true track?

243° T

233° T

225° T

245° T

243° T

233° T

225° T

245° T

Which statement about the duration of daylight is true?

On September 10th the duration of daylight is longer on the Southern Hemisphere than on the Northern Hemisphere.

Close to the solstices the influence of latitude on the duration of daylight is at its smallest.

Close to the equinoxes the influence of latitude on the duration of daylight is at its smallest.

In summer the length of the period of daylight decreases with increasing latitude.

On September 10th the duration of daylight is longer on the Southern Hemisphere than on the Northern Hemisphere.

Close to the solstices the influence of latitude on the duration of daylight is at its smallest.

Close to the equinoxes the influence of latitude on the duration of daylight is at its smallest.

In summer the length of the period of daylight decreases with increasing latitude.

Refer to figure. What result of the sum of the vector A and B?

Vector 3

Vector 1

Vector 2

Vector 4

Vector 3

Vector 1

Vector 2

Vector 4

Refer to figure.(For this question use the VFR chart ED-4 from the Jeppesen GSPRM 2017).A direct flight is planned between Scharding Suben (LOLS) (N48°24' E013°27') and Sonnen (EDPS) (N48°41' E013°42') aerodromes. The true track from LOLS to EDPS is (1) ___, and the distance is (2)__NM.

(1) 030°; (2) 19,5

(1) 030°; (2) 29,5

(1) 027°; (2) 19,5

(1) 027°; (2) 29,5

(1) 030°; (2) 19,5

(1) 030°; (2) 29,5

(1) 027°; (2) 19,5

(1) 027°; (2) 29,5

Refer to "E(LO)2" chart from the Jeppesen GSPRM 2017.What is the initial track direction (°T) and distance (NM) from Point A (54°00'N, 002° 00'W) to Point B (53°00'N, 004°00'W)?

051°T and 126 NM

051°T and 96 NM

231°T and 93 NM

231°T and 126 NM

051°T and 126 NM

051°T and 96 NM

231°T and 93 NM

231°T and 126 NM

How might you go about cross-checking your aircraft's position using the Airborne Weather Radar (AWR)?

By selecting a suitable echo from the display, obtaining the relative bearing and distance, and converting it into a true bearing to plot on the chart.

By using the mapping mode to obtain a magnetic bearing from the aircraft to suitable echoes on the display.

By looking for a suitable point on the VFR map and comparing it with the dead reckoning position, using the heading and distance on the radar screen.

By selecting a suitable point such as a large built-up area to obtain a fix.

By selecting a suitable echo from the display, obtaining the relative bearing and distance, and converting it into a true bearing to plot on the chart.

By using the mapping mode to obtain a magnetic bearing from the aircraft to suitable echoes on the display.

By looking for a suitable point on the VFR map and comparing it with the dead reckoning position, using the heading and distance on the radar screen.

By selecting a suitable point such as a large built-up area to obtain a fix.

What is the definition of the Geodetic Longitude?

The angle in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the anti-meridian of the point.

The distance in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the meridian on which the point lies.

The angle in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the meridian on which the point lies.

The distance in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the anti-meridian of the point.

The angle in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the anti-meridian of the point.

The distance in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the meridian on which the point lies.

The angle in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the meridian on which the point lies.

The distance in the equatorial plane between the line a that connects the Earth's centre with the prime meridian and the line b that connects the centre with the anti-meridian of the point.

Given the following information, what is the magnetic bearing of the NDB measured from the aircraft?Magnetic heading: 311°Drift angle: 10° leftRelative bearing of NDB: 270°

208°

180°

211°

221°

208°

180°

211°

221°

A straight line is drawn on an aeronautical chart and the true track between two positions at different latitudes on that line changes by 28°. What does this mean?

The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.

The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.

The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.

The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.

The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.

The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.

The Earth meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 28°.

The chart meridians at the two positions converge with an angle of 14°.