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The fully-operational Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) will consist of (1) _____ satellites in (2) _____ orbital planes at an altitude of (3) _____ km. Which are the correct values for 1, 2, and 3?

1.30 satellites 2. 4 orbital planes 3. 19100 km

1. 24 satellites 2. 6 orbital planes 3. 12539 km

1. 24 satellites 2. 4 orbital planes 3. 20200 km

1. 30 satellites 2. 3 orbital planes 3. 23222 km

The reading of the RMI bearing is 300° at the tip of the needle. The magnetic variation at the DR position is 24°W, the magnetic variation at the NDB is 22°W and the deviation is -2°. The compass heading is 020°. The true bearing is:

094°

294°

272°

274°

How can RNAV 1, RNAV 2 SID or STAR, RNP 1 and RNP 2 routes be modified by pilots?

By inserting or deleting waypoints in the database and/or obtaining a Rho-Theta Fix.

By inserting or deleting specific waypoints according to an ATC clearance.

By inserting longitudinal and lateral coordinates according to an ATC clearance.

By inserting range and bearing to a new waypoint, in response to an ATC clearance.

Refer to figure. You are about to enter an NDB holding pattern from sector 3. When first passing overhead the NDB, what will happen to the ADF needle?

It will initially indicate TO, then once you pass the NDB it will indicate FROM.

It will start pointing up and turn 180° upon passing the NDB.

It will start pointing down and turn 180° upon passing the NDB.

It will initially indicate FROM, then once you pass the NDB it will indicate TO.

An aircraft is fitted with a MMR with a single control panel for use with ILS, MLS and GNSS approaches. What is the main advantage of this over individual systems for each approach type?

It allows the aircraft to use signals from ILS, GLS, MLS and GNSS simultaneously.

A single module can process signals from ILS, GLS, MLS and GNSS.

A single receiver can process the signals from GPS, Galileo etc.

It integrates multiple functions, saving space in the cockpit.

Which errors contribute to the total system error experienced by the pilot?

Flight Technical Error (FTE) only

Total System Error (TSE), Flight Technical Error (FTE)

Earth Rate Error(ERE), Flight Technical Error (FTE)

Flight Technical Error (FTE), Navigation System Error (NSE)

In relation to the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, what is involved in the differential technique (D-GPS)?

Signals from satellites are received by 2 different antennas which are located a fixed distance apart. This enables a suitable receiver on the aircraft to recognise and correct for multipath errors.

Receivers from various manufacturers are operated in parallel to reduce the characteristic receiver noise error.

The difference between signals transmitted on the L1 and L2 frequencies are processed by the receiver to determine an error correction.

Fixed ground stations compute position errors and transmit correction data to a suitable receiver on the aircraft.

A person is in a stressful situation that cannot be changed. Which strategy of coping involves reducing the emotional and physiological impact of the stress?

Counselling techniques coping

Action coping

Cognitive coping

System directing coping

You are flying in IMC at night above the 73°North latitude. Because of the high latitude and the GNSS satellite positions, you elect to fly an RNP APCH to LNAV/VNAV minima based on barometric VNAV with GNSS horizontal guidance. The minimum published temperature for the approach is -8°C, and your aircraft does not have automatic temperature-compensation fitted. The temperature given by the most recent ATIS is -6°C. During final approach, ATC tells you to make an immediate go around because terrain separation is no longer guaranteed. What is the most likely reason for losing minimum terrain separation?

The wrong QNH was given, leading to reduced terrain separation due to indicated altitude being higher than true altitude.

Incorrect FMS setup.

The wrong VNAV barometric data for the given conditions is being used.

The temperature has increased above the limiting value.

Which of the following statements is true if a discrepancy occurs between the on-board navigation database and the published procedure?

An RNP APCH may be flown with clearance from ATC.

Pilots must not fly an RNP APCH.

The Commander may decide whether an RNP APCH is possible.

An RNP APCH may be flown to higher minima.

The following component(s) of the ILS is/are protected from interference by the "FM-Immunity filters" in the navigation receiver equipment:

Glideslope and DME.

Localizer and Glideslope.

Localizer only.

Glideslope only.

During a flight using PBN, the navigation system provides a pilot with an RNP of 1.0 NM and an EPE of 1.3 NM. What does this tell the pilot?

Flight Technical Error (FTE) is within tolerance but the pilot should use the autopilot to improve accuracy.

Flight Technical Error (FTE) is outside of tolerance due to inaccurate track-keeping.

Navigation System Error (NSE) is outside of tolerance due to the inaccuracy of the aircraft position.

Navigation System Error (NSE) is within tolerance but the pilot should use the autopilot to improve accuracy.

What do PBN path terminators define?

A specific type of termination of a flight plan.

A specific type of termination of ATC clearances.

A specific type of termination of the previous flight path.

A specific type of termination of RNP or RNAV procedures.

MLS can minimise multi path errors because...

the transmission can be interrupted to avoid reflection by stationary objects.

the transmission reverts to circular polarization when the beam is reflected by stationary objects.

the frequency of MLS is much higher than the frequency of ILS.

MLS has a larger beam width than ILS.

A pilot suffering a VHF communication failure is flying an NDB holding pattern. They should continuously monitor the...

ADF needle as a means to identify a potential failure of the NDB.

ATC frequency as a means to receive information about a potential failure of the NDB.

ADF warning flag(s) as a means to identify a potential failure of the NDB.

Morse code as a means to identify a potential failure of the NDB.

What is the main difference between CAT IIIA and CAT IIIB?

Both allows a 'No decision height' (DH), but require different RVRs.

Only CAT IIIB allows a 'No decision height' (DH).

Only CAT IIIB have RVR.

Only CAT IIIA have no RVR.

What is the accuracy of bearing information provided by a VDF (VHF Direction Finding) bearing that is designated Class B?

Correct bearing ±2°; Wrong bearing ±5°

Correct bearing ±2°; No wrong bearing tolerance is applicable

Correct bearing ±5°; No wrong bearing tolerance is applicable

Correct bearing ±5°; Wrong bearing ±2°

What is the main difference between CAT IIIA and CAT IIIB?

Both allows a 'No decision height' (DH), but require different RVRs.

Only CAT IIIB allows a 'No decision height' (DH).

Only CAT IIIB have RVR.

Only CAT IIIA have no RVR.

Which of the following lists does not contain any examples of a precision approach?

Type A GLS, RNP APCH to LNAV/VNAV minima, RNP APCH to LNAV minima.

Type B LPV, RNP APCH to LNAV/VNAV minima, circle-to-land.

Type A LPV, RNP APCH to LNAV/VNAV minima, RNP APCH to LNAV minima.

Type B LPV, RNP APCH to LNAV minima, circle-to-land.

With an GNSS ground-based augmentation system a correction is transmitted for...

tropospheric and ionospheric delays.

multipath errors and receiver errors.

ionospheric disturbances and receiver clock errors.

satellite clock errors and multipath errors on the VHF broadcast.

Refer to figure. An aircraft is being vectored to intercept the localiser back course approach to Runway 32 (inbound course 316°M), which is based on the back beam of the localiser for Runway 14 (inbound course 136°M). The pilots expect to experience an 8-degree left drift on final approach. Which of the HSI options in the figure below is the one that corresponds to this situation?

Figure 1

Figure 4

Figure 3

Which of the following statements is true about the navigation specification RNP 1?

It may be used for the initial part of a STAR outside 30 NM and above MSA.

It permits a range of scalable RNP lateral and longitudinal navigation accuracies.

RNP 1 is used in all phases of flight except for oceanic/remote and final approach, and is primarily intended for helicopter operations.

RNP 1 is limited to use on STARs, SIDs, the initial and intermediate segments of Instrument Approach Procedures and the missed approach after the initial climb phase.

According to ICAO Doc 9613, RNAV 5 is a navigation specification that only applies to...

arrivals, approaches, and departures.

arrivals and departures.

en-route continental navigation and arrival outside 30 NM and above MSA.

en-route continental navigation as well as arrival and departure routes.

The heaviest turbulence is likely to be encountered..

in the very core of a thunderstorm cell.

where the area of heaviest precipitation is closest to the edge of the thunderstorm cell.

in the area of heaviest precipitation, usually at the core of the thunderstorm cell.

about halfway between two thunderstorm cells.

Which of the following correctly describes a Fixed Radius Turn (FRT)?

A fly-over waypoint with a fixed radius to the next waypoint.

A fly-by waypoint.

A turn from one waypoint directly to the next waypoint.

A constant-radius turn between two route segments (legs).

In what ways can information from a typical airborne weather radar from a modern jet transport aircraft (built from around 2010 onwards) be used to assist the pilots whilst navigating along a route?

All areas of turbulence may be identified to ensure the safety and comfort of the persons on board.

It detects ground features to enable navigation referenced to the ground when flying above clouds.

Paths through areas of weather may be determined to ensure the safety and comfort of the flight.

It is the prime source for navigating through mountainous areas due to its ability to detect terrain.

When flying an RF leg without autopilot, the flight director must be used for guidance. Why?

The flight director will give a visual and audible alert if the actual navigation performance exceeds the RNP during the RF leg.

The RF leg is based on fixed radius turn with guidance calculated by the aircraft’s RNAV system.

The RNP system uploads the RF procedure to the FAC, which then provides guidance via the flight director.

The flight director displays guidance based on the information received from ground-based transmitters.

Which statement correctly describes the ILS glide path?

A cosecant squared beam effective up to a range of 150 NM.

A pencil beam effective up to a range of 150 NM.

A cosecant squared beam effective up to a maximum of 50 NM to 60 NM.

A pencil beam effective up to a maximum range of 60 NM.

ICAO Doc 9613 defines a set of navigation specifications for different airspace concepts. The navigation specification RNP 2 is for...

The en-route phase of flight in oceanic/remote and continental areas.

Arrival, approach, and departure phases of flight.

En-route, arrival, and departure phases of flight.

Arrival, approach (except for the final approach), and departure phases of flight.

To which time scale do GPS satellites align their PRN code broadcasts?

IAT

Satellite Vehicle GPS time

GMT

UTC

The type of GPS receiver that is used in aviation is...

a two channel receiver

a sequential receiver

a multiplex receiver

a multichannel receiver

RNP 1 could be used for which of the following?

Helicopter routes.

En-route continental only.

En-route and arrival applications mainly.

Oceanic and remote continental navigation applications only.

Each range calculated by the GPS-receiver defines...

a circle with its centre at the satellite.

a sphere with its centre at the satellite.

a sphere with its centre at the receiver.

a circle with its centre at the receiver.

An aircraft is equipped with a DME receiver that can provide a read-out of ground speed. It is climbing on a heading of 270°(T), and is crossing the 330 radial from a VOR/DME station. The ground speed calculated by the DME computer is...

Inaccurate because the aircraft is moving away from the station and the slant range error becomes more significant with distance.

Less than the actual ground speed because the change in slant range is smaller than the change in ground distance.

Greater than the actual ground speed because the change in slant range is greater than the change in ground distance.

Exactly correct because the aircraft slant range is increasing at the ground speed due to the climb.

What does a satellite based augmentation system (SBAS) use to improve integrity alerting to within 6 seconds if a GNSS malfunction occurs?

Up to 4 geostationary satellites are used to improve accuracy to within 1 m to 2 m horizontally and to advise of any GNSS malfunction.

2 geostationary satellites are used to broadcast GNSS malfunctions using the L2 frequency, which includes an additional ranging signal to augment the signals from the GPS satellites.

Error signals are sent to the GNSS satellite to correct any position error.

At least 1 geostationary satellite is required to relay integrity and safety messages to the user.

An RNP AR APCH with SBAS is considered a...

type A 3D approach, down to LNAV/VNAV minima.

type B 3D approach, down to CAT I minima.

type A 2D approach, down to LNAV minima.

type A 3D or type B 3D approach, down to LPV minima.

A Cat II ILS glide path transmitter facility provides reliable guidance information down to:

A maximum height of 200 ft above the runway.

The surface of the runway.

A maximum height of 50 ft above the runway.

A maximum height of 100 ft above the runway.

In a primary radar using pulse technique, the ability to discriminate between targets in azimuth is a factor of..

aerial rotation rate.

pulse length.

pulse recurrence rate.

beam width.

Prior to departure in rain conditions, what should be checked with the weather radar?

The gain control (rotary switch 3) should be set to minimum (MIN) to ensure that all returns are displayed.

The radar should be tilted down (DN) (rotary switch 2) to ensure ground returns are displayed to verify that the system is working.

The ground clutter suppression (GND CTLR SPRS) switch should be set to OFF to eliminate confusion with weather returns.

The radar should be tilted up (UP) (rotary switch 2) to check for any significant precipitation on the climb-out path.

The maximum range of primary radar depends on...

pulse length.

pulse repetition frequency.

frequency.

wave length.

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