RNAV Wiederholung

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Diese Lernkarten vertiefen Grundlagen und spezielle Aspekte der modernen Funk- und Satellitennavigation für Piloten, inklusive RNAV, RNP, ILS und GNSS-Systeme. Sie erklären technische Funktionen wie Doppler-VOR, SBAS/GBAS-Korrekturen oder RAIM, behandeln PBN-Anforderungen und typische Fehlerquellen wie Küsten- oder Ionosphäreneffekte. Praktische Beispiele zu Anflugverfahren, Antennenpositionen oder Radartechnik runden das Wissen ab. Ideal für Piloten und Luftfahrtinteressierte, die ihre Navigationskenntnisse auffrischen oder vertiefen möchten.

Cartes-fiches

210

Utilisateurs

Langue

Allemand

Catégorie

Code de la route

Niveau

Autres

Créé / Mis à jour

27.07.2026 / 24.08.2026

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An aircraft is on final approach for a CAT II ILS. As the aircraft starts down the glide path, the driver of a ground vehicle passes a hold marker without clearance and enters the ILS sensitive area. The ILS monitoring system shuts down the ILS signal and the crew execute a missed approach. This would happen if the monitoring system detects too much of which of the following options?

A change in the magnetic variation in the ILS sensitive area.

An increase in signal strength.

A change in signal polarisation.

A shift in the LOC or GP course.

Quadrantal errors associated with aircraft Automatic Direction Finding (ADF) equipment are caused by...

misalignment of the loop aerial.

skywave/groundwave contamination.

signal bending caused by electrical interference from aircraft wiring.

signal bending by the aircraft metallic surfaces.

Why is it necessary for both pilots and air traffic controllers to be aware of the capabilities and performance of RNAV and RNP systems when entering and operating in a particular airspace?

It ensures that both pilots and air traffic controllers are confident that the aircraft will follow published tracks also in the event of systems downgrade.

To be confident that the aircraft is capable of navigating with the appropriate accuracy to ensure adherence to procedures and separation.

To be confident that all aircraft follow the same path and follow the same turn radius, giving the same predictable track-keeping performance.

It ensures that all aircraft entering are capable of following the procedures and therefore reduces workload by eliminating the need for monitoring.

A NAVSTAR GPS satellite broadcasts on two frequencies. What is broadcast on both L1 and L2 frequencies?

Ranging signals

C/A code

RAIM code

SBAS signals

In an Aircraft-Based Augmentation System (ABAS), the method of integrity monitoring that only uses information from the GNSS is called..

Receiver Automatic Identity Monitoring (RAIM).

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM).

Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (AAIM).

GNSS Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (GAIM).

During PBN operations, the Flight Technical Error (FTE) must remain within certain limits. As a pilot conducting an RNP APCH, within what limits must you maintain the FTE?

95% of the required navigational accuracy.

¼ of the required navigational accuracy.

½ of the required navigational accuracy.

The required navigational accuracy.

During flight, a pilot is alerted that the aircraft's ANP is greater than the RNP. The aircraft's navigational accuracy (1) _____ within acceptable limits, as navigational accuracy is defined as the difference between the required aircraft position and its (2) _____ position.

(1) is not; (2) desired

(1) is; (2) true

(1) is; (2) desired

(1) is not; (2) true

Which of the following statements is correct regarding a pilot's ability to modify terminal route information from the navigation database during PBN operations?

The pilot is never allowed to modify terminal route information.

The pilot can only modify terminal route information on receipt of an ATC clearance.

The pilot can only modify terminal route information when flying in uncontrolled airspace.

Terminal route information can only be modified through the AIRAC cycle.

What is the reason that a DME-station can generally respond to a maximum of 100 aircraft?

The minimum allowable accuracy of the range-measurement cannot be guaranteed when more than about 100 aircraft are using the same DME-station.

The memory of the DME-transponder is limited.

The automatic ground monitoring station of each DME-station has a limited capacity.

The number of reply pulse pairs per second that a DME-transponder can transmit is limited to a certain maximum value.

Errors in GPS satellite orbits are due to..

solar and lunar precession.

the solar wind and the gravitation of the Sun, moon and planets.

Earth and lunar precession.

the lunar wind and the gravitation of the Earth, moon and stars.

The D-layer, E-layer and F-layer of the atmosphere are part of the:

stratosphere

troposphere

ionosphere

tropopause

There are two primary methods of flying to or from an NDB. Complete the following statement from the options below: (1)___ may be used to fly (2)___ the NDB while (3)___ may be used to fly (4)___ the NDB.

(1) the needle down method; (2) TO or FROM; (3) the needle up method; (4) TO

(1) Homing; (2) TO or FROM; (3) tracking; (4) TO

(1) Homing; (2) TO; (3) tracking; (4) TO or FROM

(1) procedure turns; (2) TO; (3) the track made good method; (4) TO or FROM

For PBN operations, what is true regarding fly-by turns and fly-over turns?

Fly-by waypoints are used when the aircraft must first fly over the waypoint before starting a turn.

Pilots can change a route database waypoint type from a fly-by to a fly-over.

The aircraft must be capable of using both fly-over and fly-by waypoints, but for RNP operations fly-over waypoints are excluded.

Fly-by and fly-over waypoints are compatible with both RNAV and RNP flight tracks.

MLS not equipped with DME provides...

the capability for curved approaches but not of segmented approaches.

the capability for CAT 3 approaches.

the capability for segmented approaches but not of curved approaches.

basically the same approach capabilities as ILS.

An aircraft is following a defined RNP 2 route and approaching a waypoint where a track change of 40° is required. The route has 4 parallel tracks and reliable lateral separation during the turn is essential. Which FMS coding ensures lateral separation during the turn?

Fixed Radius Transition (FRT)

Fly-by waypoint

Radius to Fix (RF) path terminator

Fly-over waypoint

Given W/V 230°T/20 kt, Variation 6°E and TAS 80 kt, what relative bearing is shown on the RBI to maintain an outbound course of 257°M from overhead the NDB?

352°

188°

008°

172°

180°

An aircraft is flying RNAV 2 and another aircraft is flying RNP 2. What is the difference between them?

RNP 2 is used in the en-route and oceanic/remote phases of flight. RNAV 2 might be used in the en-route continental, arrival and departure phases of flight.

RNP 2 might be used in the en-route continental, arrival and departure phases of flight. RNAV 2 is used in the en-route and oceanic/remote phases of flight.

RNP 2 is used in the en-route and oceanic/remote phases of flight. RNAV 2 is used only in oceanic phases of flight.

RNP 2 is used on arrival and departure phases of flight. RNAV 2 is used in the en-route and oceanic/remote phases of flight.

There is no operational difference between RNAV 2 and RNP 2.

What is correct regarding NAVSTAR GPS and GLONASS?

They use different navigation data and are therefore not interoperable.

They use the same navigation data by agreement.

They use different navigation data but are interoperable.

They use the same navigation data but are not interoperable.

They operate on different frequencies and cannot be combined by a receiver.

The reading of the RMI bearing is 300° at the tip of the needle. Variation at the aircraft is 22°W, variation at the NDB is 24°W, deviation is -2°, compass heading is 020°. What is the true bearing?

274°

294°

092°

276°

280°

A parabolic antenna is...

a non-directional antenna.

used only for receiving.

a directional antenna.

used only for transmitting.

an omnidirectional antenna.

Which of the following procedures is used to identify an NDB station?

In case of A3 modulation, use the VHF-COM function.

In case of A1 modulation, use the ANT function.

In case of A2 modulation, use the ADF function.

In case of N0N modulation, use the BFO function.

When a VOR frequency is tuned in an aircraft receiver, the receiver also tunes a DME on...

Paired VHF frequencies.

Paired UHF frequencies.

The same VHF frequency.

The same UHF frequency.

According to ICAO Annex 10, in which frequency band(s) does a locator transmit?

MF or HF

LF or MF

LF or HF

HF or VHF

According to ICAO DOC 9613, which of the following statements is correct?

RNP procedures require approval and are operator dependent.

All RNP procedures require approval.

No RNP procedures require approval.

Only specific RNP procedures require approval.

If a published back-beam ILS approach is to be flown, what must be considered? There will be no published glideslope available and reverse sensing will occur on the Omni Bearing Indicator (OBI)..

unless the back course is set and on the HSI unless the front course is set.

unless the front course is set and HSI unless the back course is set.

irrelevant of the course set and on the HSI unless the back course is set.

irrelevant of the course set and reversing sensing is eliminated if the front course is set on an HSI.

With reference to Mode S transponders, which statement is correct? The reported altitude data..

could be accurate to 25 ft resolution but it is dependent on the altitude sensor systems on board the aircraft.

must be accurate to 25 ft resolution and be dependent on the altitude sensor systems on board the aircraft.

must be accurate to 100 ft resolution and be independent of the altitude sensor systems on board the aircraft.

could be accurate to 25 ft resolution and is independent of the altitude sensor systems on board the aircraft.

In the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), what is the User Equivalent Range Error (UERE)? It is a computed value for:

The correction for the receiver errors as transmitted in the navigation message.

Residual errors in the receivers which have NOT been corrected.

Inaccuracies from the geometry of the satellites above the user's horizon.

The correction for the receiver clock error as transmitted by a differential station.

User Equivalent Range Error (UERE) or User Range Error (URE) is a signal in space error consisting of several individual GNSS errors. One of these individual errors consists of the variations of the satellites' orbits, called ephemeris. What causes this ephemeris error to occur?

high solar activity causing variations to the depth of the ionosphere.

jet streams and areas of significant weather along the orbit.

stronger than forecast ionospheric winds and electromagnetic forces.

solar winds and gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon.

An ILS glide path provides azimuth coverage ...(i) each side of the localiser centreline to a distance of ...(ii) NM from the threshold.

(i) 8° (ii) 10

(i) 5° (ii) 8

(i) 35° (ii) 25

(i) 25° (ii) 17

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the accuracy that can be obtained with the LAAS (Local Area Augmentation System) of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS?

A LAAS cannot correct for satellite timing and orbital position error.

The closer the receiver is to a LAAS ground reference station, the more accurate is the aircraft position fix.

The increase in accuracy of position fixes is independent of the aircraft position in relation to the LAAS ground reference station.

A LAAS corrects the position of the aircraft by relaying the information via a geostationary satellite.

The maximum range obtainable from an ATC en route surveillance radar is approximately..

300 to 400 NM.

50 to 100 NM.

200 to 300 NM.

100 to 200 NM.

You are flying across northern Canada on airway NCA Whiskey. You wish to cross check the IRS computed position by taking a bearing from a nearby VOR. You tune into the Churchill VOR and find you are on the 300° radial. What is the bearing to plot on a chart if the variation at the VOR is 2°W and the variation at the aircraft is 4°E.

118°

124°

298°

304°

A reason that GPS satellites use helical antennae is...

to neutralize the ionospheric delay.

to achieve better omni directional receiving qualities.

to improve the signal to noise ratio.

that the signal has a circular polarization.

What are the holding pattern entry sectors which are permissible when following a DME arc entry track?

Parallel and direct.

Parallel and offset.

Direct only.

Parallel, offset and direct.

Which statement about the satellites (that transmit the corrections to the users) of a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) is correct?

These satellites form a part of the constellation of the navigation satellites i.e. they have the same inclination and altitude as these satellites and can be used as navigation satellites to which pseudo-ranges can be measured.

These geostationary satellites can also be used as navigation satellites to which pseudo-ranges can be measured.

These satellites form a part of the constellation of the navigation satellites i.e. they have the same inclination and altitude but cannot be used as navigation satellites as they transmit the correction in a different frequency band.

These satellites are geostationary and determine the corrections independently from a ground station network.

Refer to figure. Consider two pulses that form part of a pulse string. Different parts of the pulse string are highlighted in red. The highlighted part of Pulse string 1 represents (1) _____, the red highlighted part of Pulse string 2 represents (2) _____, and the red highlighted line of Pulse string 3 represents (3) _____.

(1) the Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI); (2) continuous power; (3) the pulse length

(1) the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF); (2) the pulse length; (3) the Pulse Recurrence Interval (PRI)

(1) the pulse length; (2) the Pulse Recurrence Frequency (PRF); (3) the pulse power

(1) the pulse length; (2) the pulse power; (3) continuous power

When flying at the minimum Flight Level (FL) for line-of-sight propagation and using an NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), how could a pilot increase the signal strength?1. Fly higher2. Fly toward the station3. Decrease the frequency4. Change frequency

3 and 4, because frequency adjustments are the key to improving reception.

1 and 2, they are both equally important.

2, 3 and 4, as they all help in improving NDB reception.

1 and 2 as they are equally important, and 3 because lower frequencies propagate better.

3-30 kHz frequency band is referred to…

Low Frequency, LF.

Very Low Frequency, VLF.

Super Low Frequency, SLF.

Extremely Low Frequency, ELF.

Which of the following describes a correct tilt setting for an airborne weather radar?

A high tilt setting is helpful to detect a thunderstorm during a climb.

A low tilt setting should be used during descent if thunderstorms are expected.

During a climb, the tilt needs to be decreased to scan for hazardous clouds.

During any phase of flight, the tilt of the weather radar will always be adjusted to the optimum tilt.

Refer to figure. The ADF in the aircraft has been tuned to a nearby NDB, and has been identified. The appendix shows the accompanying RBI and the Direction Indicator in the aircraft, which has just been aligned with the on-board compass. Ignoring any applicable turn radius and wind effects, which statement is correct?

Maintaining a heading of 120° makes the aircraft fly towards QDM 240°.

Turning to a heading of 030° makes the aircraft track along QDM 030°.

Turning to a heading of 210° makes the aircraft track along QDM 210°.

Maintaining a heading of 120° makes the aircraft fly towards QDR 240°.

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