RNAV Wiederholung

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Diese Lernkarten vertiefen Grundlagen und spezielle Aspekte der modernen Funk- und Satellitennavigation für Piloten, inklusive RNAV, RNP, ILS und GNSS-Systeme. Sie erklären technische Funktionen wie Doppler-VOR, SBAS/GBAS-Korrekturen oder RAIM, behandeln PBN-Anforderungen und typische Fehlerquellen wie Küsten- oder Ionosphäreneffekte. Praktische Beispiele zu Anflugverfahren, Antennenpositionen oder Radartechnik runden das Wissen ab. Ideal für Piloten und Luftfahrtinteressierte, die ihre Navigationskenntnisse auffrischen oder vertiefen möchten.

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27.07.2026 / 24.08.2026

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In which frequency band may fading occur during the twilight period?

UHF

VHF

When holding at an NDB, you are approaching the beacon on the inbound leg. How will you know when to initiate the turn?

The head of the needle will be pointing TO the fix and the needle will turn 180° when passed it.

The indicator will go from full left deflection to full right deflection when passing the fix.

The TO indication will become a FROM indication after passing the fix.

The head of the needle will be pointing away from the fix and the needle will turn 180° when passed it.

By using both GPS frequencies L1 and L2, GPS receivers can almost eliminate..

both ionospheric and atmospheric propagation delay.

ionospheric propagation delay.

position dilution of precision.

atmospheric propagation delay.

What is the approximate time taken to initialise an INS/IRS at mid latitudes?

5 minutes

30 minutes

20 minutes

10 minutes

What is correct for PDE (Path Definition Error)?

Path defined by RNAV system does not correspond to the desired path.

It relates to the air crew or autopilot’s ability to follow the defined path or track.

The RNAV calculated aircraft coordinates corresponds to the actual aircraft coordinates.

Path defined by RNAV system corresponds to the desired path.

You are flying in an area with several TS. You are flying at FL330. What is the best course of action regarding the AWR?

tilt up to see how high the cloud tops are in order to fly over it with a suitable margin.

tilt down to account for the curvature of the earth.

tilt down as ice crystals have no reflection at this altitude.

tilt up in order to see the “holes” to fly through in between thunderstorms.

Consider PBN operations, what is one advantage of navigating using computed data, compared to raw data? The area navigation system will:

Provide 3D navigation for the whole route.

Only use data from one sensor for navigation.

Give a more accurate position, regardless of the sensor data that is being used.

Check the validity and in some cases consistency of sensor data before use.

A Primary Route Surveillance Radar provides...

4-digit squawk code, NO direction, NO range, NO Altitude.

Range by interrogating DME transponder, Altitude by interrogating MODE-C Transponder, NO direction.

Altitude by angle elevation, Direction by Antenna's angle of Azimuth, NO range.

Direction by measuring Antenna Azimuth, Range by signal travel during time, NO altitude.

What criteria must be met to be considered "established" on an NDB approach?

The relative bearing must be less than 5°.

variation due to reflections from terrain may NOT exceed 5°.

The wind correction angle must be less than 5°.

The bearing pointer must be within 5° of the required course.

Based on Doc 9613, which one of the following options is an RNP APCH?

An approach using SBAS containing the arrival segment

An approach to LNAV/VNAV minima, using GNSS

An approach made using any RNP navigation specification

ILS

A transponder set to Mode A/C is responding to an intermode radar that is capable of interrogating modes A, C and S. What does the operating mode of the transponder depend on?

The repetition frequency of pulse pairs in the interrogation signal.

The length of the interrogation pulse.

The time between paired interrogation pulses.

The carrier wave frequency of the interrogation signal.

The function of the BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) is...

to make the modulating tone audible in order to identify N0N/A1A modulated NDBs.

to make the carrier wave audible in order to identify A2A modulated NDBs.

to make the modulating tone audible in order to identify A2A modulated NDBs.

to make the carrier wave audible in order to identify N0N/A1A modulated NDBs.

If two DME ranges are plotted on the chart and used to fix the aircraft position, what would be indicated on the chart?

Two circular position lines intersecting at two points, the distance from each transmitter being the plan range.

Two straight lines intersecting at one point, the distance from each transmitter being the plan range.

Two circular position lines intersecting at two points, the distance from each transmitter being the slant range.

Two straight lines intersecting at one point, the distance from each transmitter being the slant range.

What are GNSS IFR procedures mainly designed for?

SID, STAR, non precision approach and precision approach procedures.

WAAS and LAAS operations.

Supplementary en-route navigation.

Enroute, terminal area and non precision approach procedures.

When using an ADF indicator of the manually rotatable card type, which of the following statements is true?

Relative bearing is normally indicated under the pointer needle.

It may be combined with a VOR indicator.

The aircraft heading may be marked on the indicator with a manually controlled “bug”.

The card should be rotated so that the aircraft heading is at the top of the indicator.

An aircraft is flying a magnetic heading of 120° and the RBI shows the NDB at a relative bearing of 270°. Which of the following statements is correct?

Turning into a magnetic heading of 030°, the magnetic bearing from the beacon will be 030°

Turning on to a magnetic heading of 030°, the magnetic bearing to the beacon will be 210°

The magnetic bearing to the beacon is 030°

The magnetic bearing from the beacon is 030°

What is the pulse power of a radar pulse string?

average pulse power multiplied by pulse width

the continuous power

power measured over a period of time equal to the pulse width

the peak power of the pulse

In PBN operations, on-board performance monitoring and alerting of the Path Definition Error (PDE):

Measures the difference between the aircraft's estimated position and its true position, and the crew are alerted if PDE is greater than the RNP specification.

Is managed by crew procedures in order to monitor the aircraft's position.

Depends on the integrity of the navigation database, and PDE is assumed to be zero.

Is achieved by monitoring the aircraft's performance and alerting the crew if the aircraft's navigation system fails to perform accurately.

Refer to figure. After correctly tuning and identifying the BCN VOR/DME, a pilot flies the aircraft directly overhead the station and maintains a constant heading. After a short time the DME reads 20.0 NM, and the CDI indication is shown in the figure. Select the approximate magnetic track to BCN VOR/DME from the following.

319°

139°

133°

313°

PBN 3D approaches are:1. GNSS + VNAV2. GLS3. PAR4. RNP 15. ILS6. SBAS

1, 2, 3, 4 and 6.

1 and 6.

1, 5 and 6.

1, 2, 4, 5 and 6.

HF-radio waves travel:

quasi-optically.

during daytime and at night as ground waves only.

during daytime as ground and sky waves, during night time as ground waves only.

during daytime and night time as sky waves, and the range of the ground wave is very small.

A Doppler VOR provides usable signals up to what distance from the station and is intended for which type of traffic?

Up to 100 NM from DVOR for military IFR traffic.

Up to 25 NM from the approach area for traffic following LNAV Approaches.

Up to 200 NM from DVOR for en-route IFR Traffic.

Up to 75 NM from the terminal area for all traffic within the control zone.

Referring to the NAVSTAR/GPS satellite navigation system, what is the meaning of the term Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)?

it is a technique that ensures the integrity of the provided data by redundant measurements.

it is the ability of the GPS satellites to check the integrity of the data transmitted by the monitoring stations of the ground segment.

it is a method whereby a receiver ensures the integrity of the Pseudo Random Noise -PRN- code transmitted by the satellites.

it is a technique whereby the receivers of the world-wide distributed monitor stations – ground segment – automatically determine the integrity of the navigation message.

A DME-P is added to Microwave Landing System (MLS) to…

Support the time referenced scanning beam.

Assure a constant angular velocity of the azimuth and elevation sweep.

Obtain three dimensional positions.

Allow linear approaches.

Which of the following is a GNSS error caused by the ionosphere?

Dilution Of Precision.

Longer path length.

Multipath error.

Clock error.

Which radar does NOT use the pulse technique with echo replies?1. Aerodome Surface Movement Radar2. Airborne Weather Radar3. Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)4. Aerodome Surveillance (approach) Radar

1, 2 and 4.

2, 3 and 4.

1, 2, 3 and 4.

On which bearings do the errors caused by the shoreline/coastal effect reach their maximum?

Bearings 0° to 30° to the coastline.

Bearing 30° to 60° to the coastline.

Any bearing in the HF band.

Bearings perpendicular to the coastline.

What is an "ARINC 424 Path Terminator" in reference to Performance Based Navigation?

It is the point at which an RNAV specification segment of a procedure changes to a different RNAV or RNP specification.

It is a code that defines a specific type of flight path along a segment of a procedure and a specific type of termination of that flight path.

It is the point at which an RNAV specification segment of a procedure changes to another RNAV specification.

It is the point at which an RNAV specification segment of a procedure changes to an RNP specification.

Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) provides data which defines the Final Approach Segment (FAS). The data is transmitted on...

VHF to arriving aircraft to correct any anomalies in the localiser aspect of the approach.

VHF to arriving aircraft, together with differential position corrections and integrity information for each satellite.

UHF to arriving aircraft, together with differential position corrections and integrity information for each satellite in view.

UHF providing error corrections for the glide slope.

What advantage does a primary radar system fitted with an MTI capability have over a system that is not?

The Doppler Shift is used to determine the aircraft’s True Airspeed (TAS)

Ground clutter is eliminated from the controller’s display.

Moving targets are eliminated from the controller’s display.

The Doppler Shift is used to determine the aircraft’s groundspeed.

A pilot is setting up the radio navigation aids for an ILS approach at the destination. The ILS frequency is given on the approach chart as 109.90 MHz. The glide path frequency is...

109.90 MHz, the same frequency as the localiser.

a second frequency that the pilot tunes on the ILS receiver, and it is paired with 109.90 MHz.

tuned automatically when 109.90 MHz is tuned for the localiser.

109.90 MHz and tuning this also tunes a paired UHF localiser frequency.

A GBAS system communicates with an aircraft using GPS to provide aircraft with information, including:1. Integrity information,2. Almanac data,3. Approach data,4. Receiver noise correction.

1 and 3

2 and 4

2 and 3

1 and 4

Refer to figure.If the course pointer in situation 2B is rotated 2.5 degrees in a clockwise direction, what will happen to the LOC course deviation indicator?

is at the left outer dot.

does NOT change position.

is at the right inner dot.

is centred.

Refer to figure.The pictures in the annex show an aircraft’s position in relation to thunderstorm cells, and the image of the pilot’s radar. To detect the "blind alley" the pilot should...

select the cosecant square beam for better alley detection.

initiate a steep climb.

switch over from normal to weather mode.

increase the range setting of the radar.

Which of these options correctly describes the basic principles of operation of an MLS?

The time interval between the TO and FROM scans in Azimuth and elevation determines the aircraft position within the coverage area.

The distance between the TO and FROM scans in azimuth and elevation determines the aircraft position, within the coverage area.

Guidance is provided based on the pilots’ selection of the transmitters providing the pilot with the required localiser and glide path.

Guidance is given using the localiser and the glide path selected by the pilot, the guidance is based on the received and measured difference in depth of modulation (DDM).

Refer to figure.Whilst flying the outbound leg of a procedural VOR approach, a pilot's PFD is as shown in the figure above. Just before they are to commence their procedure turn, they set the course selector to the inbound course of the approach. Which of the figures shows the correct HSI indication at this time, and which direction must the pilot turn to intercept the inbound course?

Figure 2, the pilot must make a left turn.

Figure 2, the pilot must make a right turn.

Figure 1, the pilot must make a right turn.

Figure 1, the pilot must make a left turn.

Refer to figure.At which position would an aircraft at an altitude of 5000 ft AMSL receive the strongest signal from VNC NDB (27°04.3’N, 082°26.4’W)?

C (26°52.7’N, 082°23.5’W)

B (26°51.2’N, 082°55.4’W)

D (27°13.6’N, 082°18.8’W)

A (27°11.0’N, 082°03.5’W)

What is required to enable an antenna to transmit an electromagnetic wave?

The antenna has to be fed with a direct current.

The antenna has to be fed with an alternating current of high frequency.

The length of the antenna has to be equal to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

The antenna has to be mounted perpendicular to the ground.

A pilot is preparing for an ILS approach into aerodrome A. Of the following aerodrome A frequencies, which one is of the form the pilot should be expecting for the ILS localiser frequency?

108.40 MHz

118.105 MHz

113.95 MHz

111.95 MHz

How may pilots retrieve an RNAV / RNP1 / RNP2 SID or STAR for use?

Selecting the approach from the company's route database.

Retrievable by SID/STAR name from the on-board navigation database and conforms to the charted route.

Defined by the waypoints and conforms to the charted route.

Selecting the approach number associated with the approach.

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