Wissensmedien
Vorlesung Wissensmedien Jürgen Buder
Vorlesung Wissensmedien Jürgen Buder
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Lernkarten
What has been the false information with the widest spread in 2022?
Wrongly colored Swedish temperature maps.
(Normal map colored red and labeled as extreme heat)
How is the political landscape in the US determining climate change?
Democrats are risingly concerned (78%; 2020)
Repuclicans are around 20% concern and plateau there
Which group is especially not impressed by climate change and don’t even acknowledge that it is happening?
Especially conservative republicans over 55
Under those who agree climate is changing – which group is more or less certain that it is not human-caused?
Republicans over 55 (75%)
Who is most concerned about climate change in Germany, who is least concerned?
The green (94%); the AFD (26%)
What is Metaknowledge?
Knowing whether what we know is right or wrong
How certain we are about a fact
What is object-level knowledge?
Factual knowledge about the external world
What is metacognitive sensitivity?
The confidence when confronted with the question whether our answer is correct
How many questions in percent do the participants get correct on average in their study about knowledge of climate change? They have been asked whether facts are true or false and how certain they are.
The average is 61%
What was the comparison here?
General science questions
What does the mratio (Metacognitive insight) describe?
How strongly a person believes it knows something
What is the mratio of people in the domain of climate change?
.2 - .4
In the domain of covid-19?
.65 - .93
And for general science questions?
1.0
Why might people so strongly believe they either know or don’t know stuff for general science?
It is stuff they learned in school hence they believe the sources are very clear and the knowledge is trustworthy
What influence has better metacognitive insight on climate change for skeptical beliefs?
The better the metacognitive insight the less skeptical belief updating following mixed evidence
Confronted with mixed evidence a person with high mratio is less likely to become a climate sceptic
What is the IPCC?
Intergovernmental panel on climate change
- Communicates every aspect of climate change to world leaders
How much did policy makers get correct with the intuitive graph? With the unintuitive graph?
- Around 76%
- Around 41%
How much did they think they had correct?
- Around 65%
Around 55%
What is the lesson from that?
- IPCC target audience has not a great comprehension for the graphs
Especially if the graph is very complicated and unlucky they are wrong often but still believe they know what it means
What might moderate metacognitive ability?
- Humility
- It correlates
- More confidence when right
Less confidence when wrong
What is collaboration?
Group members work together à create a common product
What is an artifact?
The common product
How can groups work together?
Online, offline
Intime, asynchronous
What is the wisdom of the crowds?
Aggregated judgements are better than the individual ones
How tall is the Eiffel tower?
Is wisdom of the crowds collaboration?
No, but a common product is produced
- It lacks interaction
What is anchoring?
A numeric value influences a following numerical judgement
What reduces the effect of anchoring?
Expertise
How does anchoring influence collaboration?
It demonstrates that humans are influenced by irrelevant information
- Collaborators are influencing each other
What is meant by the advice taking paradigm?
Judges receive advice from another participant In numeric task
What does that result in?
Egocentric discounting:
- Incorporation of advice is suboptimal
- Stay too close to own judgement
Aggregation and producing a mean would be more accurate
What problem produces egocentric discounting in group work?
Individuals stick with own information and don’t care enough about others’ opinions
What is the group judgement paradigm?
Group is formed, discussion, numerical judgement
How can the result of that paradigm be improved?
Some members receive a correct answer to a similar task
What is the hidden profile paradigm?
Group has to find a culprit
- There is shared information that everyone has access to
- There is information only one group member has
- Every bit of information is needed to find the culprit
What does that paradigm lead to?
- Members share too little unshared information
- They discuss too much of the shared information
Asymmetry of discussed info
What is preferably discussed besides the shared information? (What type of info?)
- Information that confirms suspicions (confirmation bias)
- Socially validating information
“Oh, you are right this bit of information is adding to your hypothesis!”
What are some examples for online collaborative projects?
- Wikipedia
- OpenStreetMap
Fandomwikis
What does sequential collaboration mean?
- Collaboration which is asynchronous as well as dislocated
One adds something and another person might change it/add more, corrects ….
Do old studies lose importance when looked at in the light of new media?
- No, valid results stay valid
Humans are adaptable
