Wissensmedien
Vorlesung Wissensmedien Jürgen Buder
Vorlesung Wissensmedien Jürgen Buder
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Flashcards
What are characteristics of the environment created by new media?
- High availability
- High connectivity
High content density
What are two research goals connected to that?
- Do theories still hold true?
New situations that have never been before
How is the data quality for open street map?
- Medium to high
Especially high for densely populated areas
For Wikipedia?
- High data quality overall
And for specific topics
What effects are highly relevant for online collaborative projects?
- Wisdom of crowds
- Anchoring
- Advice taking
- Group judgement
Group information sharing and decision making
What are characteristics of sequential collaboration?
- Dependent judgement on previous entry
- Limited interaction
- Expert knowledge is considered
Little social influence
What is especially important in that regard?
- Metacognition
“Is my own knowledge accurate and detailed?”
If sequential collaboration is a successful method how should judgments and changes evolve?
- Judgements should be less changed
- Changes become smaller
- More accurate the more changes happen
Final judgement is more accurate than averaged judgements
Does this empirically hold true?
- Change probability decreased
- Change magnitude decreases
Change leads to more accurate judgements
How does it compare to wisdom of crowds though?
Equal to slightly better
How do experts behave in that paradigm?
They know they know, so they change at already small deviations
And novices?
- They know that they don’t really know
- Adjust only moderately to large deviations
The more expertise …
The more inclined to change is someone
The more inaccurate something is…
the more people are able to change the judgement
What are two things that might make sequential collaboration better than wisdom of crowds?
- Ability to opt-out
- The sequential process overall
Perhaps both
How do results compare if both are given?
- Best results
Both are important
What role does social influence play in sequential collaboration?
- Advice provided by outgroup members is less taken
Advice from experts is more likely to be taken
But overall?
People don’t care too much about who contributes
What are negative sides of Wisdom of crowds?
Expertise is not considered
What are negative sides of anchoring
- Input of irrelevant sources influences
Doesn’t hinder sequential collaboration
What are negative sides of Advice taking
- Input from others is not considered enough
Opting out may help
What is the gist of the positive sides of sequential collaboration?
- Expertise can be systematically incorporated
Previous judgements are a useful frame of reference
Name some characteristics of formal learning.
- Compulsory
- Assessed
- Teacher-led
Education
Name some characteristics of informal learning.
- Voluntary
- Learner-centred
- Low status
Many unintended outcomes
What is incidental learning?
- Unintentional and serendipitous learning
By-product of other activities
What is criticism on YouTube?
- Spreading Misinformation
Pushing people into extrem videos
What are the upsides of YouTube-Tutorials?
- Low barrier/no cost
- Availability
Self-paced
What are downsides of YouTube-Tutorials?
- Mostly procedural in nature
- Often without didactic concepts
- Quality of videos?
- No feedback on learning
Fact control?
What is an ordinary expert?
An economically disinterested amateur with the expertise of an expert
Which theme is most often the subject of tutorials?
Beauty & Fashion
What is a basic idea when it comes to textbook/videos?
Interactive videos are better than textbooks
What is missing in research topic wise?
- Research on video selection
Which two channels get differentiated in the theory of multimedia learning?
- Words
Pictures
What is the personalization principle?
There is better learning outcome when learning is conversational (informal)
What is the voice principle?
Human voice is better than machine voice
What is the image principle?
An image of a speaker is not necessary (results mixed)
What are the three different forms of cognitive load when learning with multimedia?
- Intrinsic load (e.g. difficulty of content)
- Extraneous load (incidental processing)
Germane load (generative processing)
What should be considered when developing learning material?
- Segmenting
- Signalling
Weeding (eliminating irrelevant information)
How are segmenting, signalling and weeding used/implemented on YouTube?
- Segmenting is partly a function of YouTube (adjustment of speed, pause, repeat)
- Signalling needs to be done by the creator
Weeding is not included but most often done wrong, but user can skip
What was found in the study on learner engagement in terms of segmenting, signalling and weeding? (Shen, 2023)
- Weeding had a negative effect
- Signalling visually was very strongly positively correlated
