Wissensmedien
Vorlesung Wissensmedien Jürgen Buder
Vorlesung Wissensmedien Jürgen Buder
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Flashcards
What is participative efficacy?
Belief that participation can make a relevant contribution
What is the effect of collective efficacy on collective action?
r = .38
What is meant with the term “Allyship”?
Members of privileged group pledge loyalty to disadvantaged group and take action to help
What are four predictors of allyship?
- Desire to improve status of disadvantaged group
- Possible change to advantaged group’s higher status
- Personal motivation (e.g. reputation)
Moral beliefs
What does the explanation of violated moral expectations postulate?
- People want to defend group values
- Formation of opinion-based groups
Shared moral beliefs include obligations to act on those beliefs
What is the effect of morality on collective action intentions?
- r = .36
What does the combination of violated moral beliefs and identity lead to?
- Collective action
- Moderated by group efficacy beliefs and group-based anger (both are consequences of the aforementioned factors)
Is factual disadvantage of the group necessary?
No
Which three forms of collective actions are there?
- Normative
- Non-normative (violent)
Non-violent non-normative
What is central for normative collective action?
- Related to anger
According with societal norms
What is central for non-normative (violent) collective action?
- Radical
- Anger, contempt, hatred
- More likely if perceived as effective
And if normative is useless
What is central to non-violent non-normative?
- Related to anger
“Breaking resistance”
What are the two main perspectives on media in context of collective action?
- Media as catalyst for collective action
- Provides information
- Emotional and motivation messages
- Impact of network structure (reach)
- Inhibitor-hypothesis
Slacktivism (effortless and unproductive activities)
Which three variables together explain 83% of variance in the climate study?
- Social identity
- Behavioral control (ease of showing behavior)
Participative efficacy
Highlighting possible future consequences of climate change leads to… … in fear than highlighting its causes
Larger increase
Highlighting causes of climate change leads to a … … in anger than highlighting its possible consequences
Larger increase
What impact does increased fear and anger have on climate activism intentions?
Both correlate positively
The fear approach leads to a focus on?
Effort on behalf of an organization that mitigates consequences
What is the multimedia effect?
Learning functions better when media is combined (e.g. text + picture)
What are advantages of pictures?
- Augmented access to reality
- Direct access to viso-spatial information
- Perceptual inferences
Cognitive offloading
Which three assumptions does the cognitive theory of multimedia learning make?
- Dual-channel assumption
- Limited capacity assumption
Active processing assumption
What is the problem with text-picture combinations?
- Often processed insufficiently
Picture for example ignored
What might be a solution to that problem?
Instructional measures that support learning
Which two categories of multimedia interventions are there?
- Material-related interventions
Learner-related interventions
What are material-related interventions?
- Change of materials to support learners
- E.g. signaling
- Multimedia refutations
Nature-based interventions
What are learner-related interventions?
- Methods that can be taught to learners
- Tracing
- Eye-movement-modelling
Prompts/implementation intentions
What is the purpose of signals?
Highlight relevant information without change of content
How big is the effect size for signaling regarding comprehension measures?
r = .19
What is a refutation text?
Text that means to correct misconceptions with specific refutation structure
What kind of structure is that?
- Activation of misconception
- Refutation
- Correct information
Leads to replacement of misconception
How did videos with refutation compare to videos without direct highlighting of the misconception?
Better performance with refutation
What was better spoken text or video?
Video
What patterns do emerge for both general and misconception-related transfer for spoken text?
Learners with a strongly held misconception benefit from the refutation structure (over both testing times)
For videos?
No interaction with the misconception; instead, a general advantage of the refutation structure for all learners
The stronger a misconception…
The more the learner profits from refutation text, at least with spoken text
What are nature-based interventions?
- Contact with nature has positive effect on e.g.
- Working memory, processing speed
Looking at nature images also work
Which two theories might explain those effects?
- Attentional restoration theory
Stress reduction theory
What is the point of the attentional restoration theory?
Brain can recover from mental fatigue because looking at nature is effortless
What is the point of the stress reduction theory?
Nature exposure lowers stress level and evokes positive emotions
Did people score better in numbers backwards span after nature?
Yes
