English 3 Step 2
Inlingua
Inlingua
flüssig / Sprachgewandtheit
fluency
Fluency means how easily someone speaks a language.
If you speak fluently, you can speak quite quickly without continually pausing to think.
Aussprache
pronunciation
Pronunciation means how a word is said.
It can be difficult to pronounce words correctly in a foreign language.
If you pronounce a word incorrectly, we say that you mispronounce it.
Verwandtes Wort
cognate
A cognate is a word that's the same, and means the same, in two different languages.
Akzent
accent
Zweitsprache
second language
Muttersprache
mother tongue
Verstehen
comprehension
The ability to understand spoken language is called listening comprehension.
Das wesentliche Verstehen
to understand the gist
If you can understand the main points of conversation - but not everything - we say that you understand the gist of what's said.
gewöhnen an
get used to -ing / get into the habit of -ing
I need to get used to speaking the language in real situations.
I want to watch more TV in English to get into the habit of hearing everyday language.
Abgewöhnen / gewöhn dir das ab
get out of the habit of -ing
I want to get out of the habit of doing that.
Besser werden in
get better at -ing
I need to get better at speaking the language naturally.
sich bemühen zu
make an effort to
I need to make an effort to use words I've just learned.
Rechtschreibung prüfen
to spellcheck
You should've spellchecked it.
Skateboard fahren
to skateboard
I'm not skateboatding down there. That's too steep. (steil)
zur Bank gehen
to bank
I've received the check, but I haven't banked it yet.
abfüllen / wegwerfen, entsorgen
to can
Shall we throw this away? Yes, let's can it.
In der Mikrowelle erhitzen.
to microwave
This soup's gone cold. I'll microwave it.
filmen
to video
I videoed my daughter's dance performance.
festkleben
to superglue
Once, I accidentally superglued my fingers together.
zustimmen, Einverständnis geben
to okay
My boss will have to okay the proposal before we can start.
bewerben
to advertise
fördern
to promote
Werbung / Anzeige
advertisement = ad
web banner / banner ad
advertisement on a webpage
Unwanted ads sent by email
spam
Flugblatt
flier
Plakat / Werbetafel
billboard
Phrases used to promote products and services
slogan
Marke
brand
TV commercials
advertisement on TV
Graphic designs that depict (darstellen) companies or brands
logo
Das macht mich wütend.
It makes me angry.
Es ist nervig / irritierend.
It's annoying / irritating.
Das macht mich wütend. / Das nervt mich.
It makes me mad / It bugs me.
Ich habe es satt. / Ich habe genug davon. / Ich habe es satt.
I'm tired of it. / I'm sick of it. / I'm fed up with it.
Es ist lästig. / Das nervt total.
It's a nuisance. / It's a pain in the neck.
Es ist mega ärgerlich! / Das macht mich wahnsinnig!
It's infuriating. / It drives me crazy.
Das ist echt mühsam / so anstregend.
It’s such a grind.
kreativ
creative
fantasievoll
imaginative
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Cartes-fiches
An apology (apologies)
to apologize (for...) (US) to apologise (UK) = verb
apologized / apologised = past
apologizing = -ing form
I apologize. / I'd like to make an apology.
My apologies.
Eine Entschuldigung (Plural)
Ich entschuldige mich. / Ich möchte mich entschuldigen.
Meine Entschuldigung = sehr formell oder schriftlich
Thanks.
Thank you.
Thanks a lot. Many thanks.
My thanks.
Thank you very much.
Thank you very much indeed.
A big thank you.
Verschiedene Formen um danke zu sagen.
indeed = in der Tat
That's very kind of you.
Das ist sehr nett von dir
You're (very) welcome.
Not at all.
Don't mention it.
My pleasure.
Anytime.
No problem.
Glad to help.
No big deal.
Verschiedene Formen um "Gern geschehen." zu sagen.
I'm (really) sorry.
Please forgive me.
Es tut mir (wirklich) leid.
Bitte verzeihen Sie mir.
It was (all) my fault.
Es war (alles) mein Fehler.
I didn't mean it.
Das habe ich nicht (so) gemeint.
I regret saying that.
Ich bedauere, das gesagt zu haben.
I feel (really) bad about it.
Ich fühle mich (wirklich) schlecht deswegen.
Happy, joyful, content, amused
Excited, proud, grateful, satisfied,
Hopeful, curious, confident, relieved
Positive Emotionen
Sad, angry, frustrated, anxious
disappointed, worried, jealous, guilty (schuldig),
embarassed, lonely (einsam), bored,
discouraged, resentful, regretful,
ashamed (beschämt)
Negative Emotionen
Afraid, scared, terrified, shocked, nervous,
insecure, panicked, hesitant, tens,
overwhelmed (überfordert)
Angst- und Stressbezogene Emotionen
surprised, amazed, confused, perplexed,
nostalgic, suspicious, indecisive, awkward (unangenehm),
empathetic, reluctant (widerwillig)
Andere Emotionen
to speak/talkto someone
to talk with someone
to talk about something (the plans)
mit jemandem sprechen / ansprechen
sich mit jemandem unterhalten
über etwas spreche
to say (I said that....)
to tell me (he told me that..)
to ask me to (do something, to help)
to promise to
sagen
mir sagen/erzählen
mich bitten um/zu...
versprechen etwas zu tun
to agree with (the idea/someone)
to agree to (do something, to help...)
to agree on (a plan of action, on something, on a time)
to decide to (do something)
to decide on (a date, on something)
jemandem zustimmen
zustimmen
sich einigen auf
beschliessen / sich entscheiden etwas zu tun
sich für etwas entscheiden
I agree
(You're) Right / Sure
Absolutely
Exactly
I'll bet. (Ich wette darauf.)
Of course.
I totally understand.
I'm surprised.
What?
(No way.)Really?
You're joking!
Are you kidding me? (Willst du mich veräppeln?)
I understand.
Right. I see.
OK.
I don't understand.
What? / Sorry.
I don't follow you.
I can't follow you.
Oh, you lost me.
Can you repeat please?
Sorry, I didn't catch it.
We can use question tags instead of questions when we already know the answer and want to make conversation.
positive -> negative: It's a good day, isn't it?
negative -> positive: It isn't a good day, is it?
In positive statements, tags are taken from the negative form of the verb.
We have enough time, don't we? -> We don't have enough time.
Falling intonation suggests that we are certain.
Rising intonation suggests that we are uncertain.
It's really cold, isn't it?
These are quite expensive, aren't they?
The menu looks good, doesn't it?
Vacations go so quickly, don't they?
The weather was terrible, wasn't it?
The stores were busy, weren't they?
The meeting went well, didn't it?
The price of gas has skyrocketed, hasn't it?
It'll soon be spring, won't it?
Long flights can be so boring, can't they?
popular
= beliebt
The style is popular.
Its/ His popularity has increased.
It was unpopular.
fashion
= Mode
If a style is currently popular, we can say it's in fashion or it's fashionable.
When it is no longer fashionable, we say it's gone out of fashion.
The opposite of fashionable is unfashionable (old fashioned).
trend
= Trend / Tendenz
That type of design is the latest trend. It's a trendy look.
cool
Would you say this looks cool or uncool?
original
I want something that looks original.
I'm looking for originality.
to conform to
= gemäss / Konformität
Her designs don't conform to a current style. She hates conformity.
classic
retro
It's a classic look.
It's a retro style.
We can also use questions tags to confirm things that we know, but are not entirely sure about.
Excuse me. This bus is for the airport, isn't it?
I can pay in US dollars, can't I?
adverbs of degree to put more or less emphasis on adjectives and adverbs.
More emphasis: We went very fast.
--> We went extremely/unbelievably fast.
Less emphasis: This is quite spicy.
--> This is fairly/slightly spicy.
We can also use adverbs of degree with non-gradable adjectives and adverbs to emphasize that a situation is extremely or surprising.
very -> exceptionally / extremely
completely -> absolutely / entirely / totally / utterly (=völlig)
nearly -> practically / virtually
especially -> notably / particularly
amazingly -> incredibly / remarkably / unbeliveably
ridiculously -> absurdly / outrageously
making idiomatic descriptions (Redewendungen)
as light as a feather (federleicht)
as cool as a cucumber (=Gurke => kühl/gelassen bleiben)
as smooth as silk (glatt/weich wie Seide)
as warm as toast (gemütlich warm)
as snug as a bug in a rug (so gemütlich wie ein Käfer im Teppich -> pudelwohl)
as tough as old boots (zäh wie Leder oder Fleisch / hart im Nehmen -> robust, widerstandsfähig)
as hard as nails (knallhart, abgehärtet)
as clean as a whistle (sauber wie ein Pfeifchen -> blitzsauber)
dirty cheap
freezing cold
bone dry
dead easy
rock hard
sky high
red hot
brand new
skin tight (hauteng)
soaking wet
Negative questions (tags)
Positive questions (tentative): Does this look good?
=> I'm not sure if you'll like it.
Negative questions (decisive): Doesn't this look good?
=> I'm sure you'll like it. => try to influence the answer
Do you think that's a good idea?
Don't you think that's a good idea?
Is that the best solution?
Isn't that the best solution?
Speaking decisively and tentatively
Rising intonation => tentative
Falling intonation => decisive
That's possible, isn't it?
building arguments persuasively
Raising objections: You could argue...
Accepting objections: I appreciate... I realize... There's no question that...
Countering objections: Having said that,...
Making a fundamental point: At the end of the day,...
Making points emphatically = nachdrücklich
-> decidel
We'll -> we will
I didn't -> I did not
I'm -> I am
We can't -> We cannot
I've -> I have
I understand -> I do understand
He works -> He does work
I checked -> I did check
Understanding newspaper headlines
to ax = to cut
to back = to support / to agree with
to boost = to help / to increase
to hit = to affect
to quit = to leave / to resign
to slam = to criticize
to slash = to reduce significantly
to wed = to marry
a row = a disagreement / a dispute
shock = surprising / shocking
...ax 800 jobs
UN to back peace deal / Unions(=Gewerkschaften) back pay offer
Weak (=schwacher) dollar boosts exports
Snowstorms hit northeast / Rain may hit semi-final
CEO quits tech firm / Minister won't quit after scandal
Charities slam tax plan / Motorists slam fuel tax
Retailers slash prices / Troubled banks slash bonuses
Soccer player weds singer
Nurses in overtime row
Shock debut win for mith = Überraschender Debütsieg für Smith
Anklage
anklagen
The accusation
to accuse (accused)
Geständnis
zugeben
The admission
to admit (he admitted)
Behauptung / Vorwurf
behaupten
angeblich
The allegation
to allege (he alleged)
allegedly (supposedly)
