Principles of Flight - AC

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This flashcard set delves into the principles of flight, covering topics like drag, lift, and stability, with a focus on aircraft control surfaces such as ailerons, flaps, and the elevator. It explores how factors like angle of attack, speed, and wing position influence flight dynamics, including turns and stalls. The set is tailored for university-level students studying aerodynamics, providing insights into the forces and mechanics that govern flight, making it invaluable for those aiming to understand or operate aircraft effectively.

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Englisch

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Technik

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Erstellt / Aktualisiert

25.12.2024 / 20.01.2025

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The drag coefficient...

cannot be lower than a non-negative, minimal value.

may range from zero to an infinite positive value.

increases with increasing airspeed.

is proportional to the lift coefficient.

Pressure compensation on an aerofoil occurs at the...

leading edge.

wing tips.

trailing edge.

wing roots.

Which of the following options is likely to produce large induced drag?

Large aspect ratio

Tapered wings

Small aspect ratio

Low lift coefficients

Induced drag is generated...

at the outer part of the ailerons.

at the trailing edge of the wing.

at the front part of the aisle.

at the lower part of the gear.

Where is interference drag generated?

At the ailerons

At the gear

Near the wing tips

At the wing root

Which curve represents the total drag? See Appendix (PFA-011)

Which curve represents the induced drag? See Appendix (PFA-011)

Which curve represents the parasite drag? See Appendix (PFA-011)

Pressure drag, interference drag and friction drag belong to the group of the...

induced drag.

total drag.

parasite drag.

main resistance.

What kind of drag is NOT part of the parasite drag?

Skin-friction drag

Form drag

Interference drag

Induced drag

What statement about parasite drag is correct?

Parasite drag increases with increasing airspeed

Parasite drag decreases with increasing airspeed

Parasite drag has a minimum at a certain speed and increases at higher as well as lower speeds

Parasite drag has a maximum at a certain speed and decreases at higher as well as lower speeds

How do induced drag and parasite drag change with increasing airspeed during a horizontal and stable cruise flight?

Induced drag decreases and parasite drag increases

Induced drag increases and parasite drag increases

Parasite drag decreases and induced drag increases

Parasite drag decreases and induced drag decreases

Which of the listed wing shapes has the lowest induced drag?

Elliptical shape

Trapezoidal shape

Rectangular shape

Double trapezoidal shape

Which type of drag is directly connected to lift-generation on an aerofoil?

Induced drag

Skin-friction drag

Parasite drag

Interference drag

Which effect does a decreasing airspeed have on the induced drag during a horizontal and stable cruise flight?

The induced drag will increase

The induced drag will slightly decrease

The induced drag will remain constant

The induced drag will collapse

Which statement about induced drag during the horizontal cruise flight is correct?

Induced drag increases with increasing airspeed

Induced drag decreases with increasing airspeed

Induced drag has a minimum at a certain speed and increases at higher as well as lower speeds

Induced drag has a maximum at a certain speed and decreases at higher as well as lower speeds

The total drag acts in the direction of...

the airflow.

the chord line.

the longitudinal axis of the airplane.

the horizon.

The total drag consists of which parts of drag?

Induced drag and friction drag

Parasite drag and interference drag

Friction drag and interference drag

Parasite drag and induced drag

In which mentioned situation is the total drag at its minimum?

Parasite drag is equal to induced drag

Parasite drag is twice as much as induced drag

Induced drag is twice as much as parasite drag

Induced drag is smaller than parasite drag

Which statement about total drag is correct?

Total drag increases with increasing airspeed

Total drag decreases with increasing airspeed

Total drag has a minimum at a certain speed and increases at higher as well as lower speeds

Total drag has a maximum at a certain speed and decreases at higher as well as lower speeds

Which kinds of drag contribute to total drag?

Induced drag, form drag, skin-friction drag

Form drag, skin-friction drag, interference drag

Interference drag and parasite drag

Induced drag and parasite drag

What influence does the ground effect have on the landing distance?

The landing distance decreases in any case

The landing distance increases in case of tailwind

The landing distance increases in any case

The landing distance decreases in case of tailwind

How do lift and drag change when approaching a stall condition?

Lift and drag increase

Lift and drag decrease

Lift decreases and drag increases

Lift increases and drag decreases

In case of a stall it is important to...

increase the angle of attack and reduce the speed.

increase the bank angle and reduce the speed.

decrease the angle of attack and increase the speed.

increase the angle of attack and increase the speed.

If the angle of attack increases, at which part of the wing will the stall begin?

Bottom side near the leading edge

Top side near the trailing edge

Bottom side near the trailing edge

Top side near the leading edge

During a stall, the lift...

increases and drag decreases.

increases and drag increases.

decreases and drag decreases.

decreases and drag increases.

The critical angle of attack...

is independent of the weight.

decreases with forward center of gravity position.

increases with backward center of gravity position.

changes with increasing weight.

What leads to a decreased stall speed Vs (IAS)?

Decreasing weight

Lower density

Lower altitude

Higher load factor

Stall speed...

increases with increasing weight.

decreases with increasing weight.

does not depend on the weight.

increases with increasing wing span.

The stall warning will be activated just before reaching which speed?

VNE

In motorplanes the stall warning is usually activated by a change of...

the center of pressure.

the center of gravity.

the stagnation point.

the transition point.

How should the pilot react to an engaged stall warning?

Raise the nose to decrease airspeed

Pull the elevator, increase power

Pull the elevator, decrease power

Push the elevator, increase power

Which statement regarding a spin is correct?

During recovery the ailerons should be kept neutral

During the spin the speed constantly increases

Only very old aeroplanes have a risk of spinning

During recovery the ailerons should be crossed

When extending the flaps for landing at constant angle of attack, in which way does the lift coefficient change far before reaching the maximum lift coefficient?

It increases

It decreases

It is not possible to define

It remains constant

Flap extension causes...

an increased glide angle and an increased minimum speed.

a decreased glide angle and an increased minimum speed.

a decreased glide angle and a decreased minimum speed.

an increased glide angle and decreased minimum speed.

With regard to flaps, which of the following options provides a lift-increasing effect?

Decreasing the form drag

Increasing the aerofoil camber

Decreasing the angle of attack

Lowering the induced drag

Which factor can be changed by deploying flaps for landing?

The trim condition

The effectiveness of the ailerons

The position of the center of gravity

The twist effect of the engine

What is the principle of a Fowler flap?

The rear part of the wing is folded down

At high angles of attack a part of the leading edge lifts

A profile-like flap is extended from the trailing edge of the wing

A flap from the rear bottom side of the wing is folded down

What kind of landing aids may not be retracted suddenly near the ground?

Spoilers

Airbrakes

Flaps

Schempp-Hirth flaps

The increase in lift from a landing flap is based on...

an increase of the effective angle of attack.

a decrease of the form drag.

a decrease of the angle of attack.

a decrease of the induced drag.

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