Meteorology AC

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This flashcard set delves into advanced meteorology topics suitable for university-level students, focusing on air pressure, fronts, wind conditions, and various weather phenomena like rain, clouds, and thunderstorms. It covers cloud formation, types, and their impact on flight, including hazards like icing and wind shear. The set also explores different weather charts, such as surface weather charts and radar pictures, and their uses in aviation. Pilots and meteorology students will benefit from understanding these concepts to navigate weather-related challenges safely and effectively.

Cartes-fiches

146

Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Technique

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

24.12.2024 / 08.01.2025

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The formation of medium to large precipitation particles requires...

strong wind.

a high cloud base.

an inversion layer.

strong updrafts.

What conditions may be expected when flying through Cumulonimbus clouds (Cb)?

Low precipitation, calm air, light turbulence

Medium precipitation, medium turbulence, icing

Visibility more than 1.5 km, no turbulence, no icing

Heavy rain, hail, heavy turbulence, heavy icing

What conditions may be expected when flying through stratiform clouds (St)?

Low precipitation, calm air, light turbulence

Medium precipitation, medium turbulence, icing

Visibility more than 1.5 km, no turbulence, no icing

heavy rain, hail, heavy turbulence, heavy icing

Which type of cloud is associated with prolonged rain?

Nimbostratus

Cirrostratus

Cumulonimbus

Altocumulus

Regarding the type of cloud, precipitation is classified as...

light and heavy precipitation.

showers of snow and rain.

prolonged rain and continuous rain.

rain and showers of rain.

How is an air mass described when moving to Central Europe via the Russian continent during winter?

Maritime polar air

Maritime tropical air

Continental polar air

Continental tropical air

The character of a continental air mass can change by moving across widespread...

snow-covered areas.

hot areas.

desert areas.

humid areas.

The character of an air mass is given by what properties?

Temperatures at origin and present region

Region of origin and track during movement

Environmental lapse rate at origin

Wind speed and tropopause height

The front shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005)

warm front.

front aloft.

occlusion.

cold front.

The front shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-006)

warm front.

front aloft.

occlusion.

cold front.

The front shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-007)

warm front.

front aloft.

occlusion.

cold front.

What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a warm front?

Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night

Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter

Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

What visual flight conditions can be expected near a cold front?

Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground

Good visibility, some isolated high clouds

Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds

What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a cold front?

Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night

Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter

Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low?

Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground

Good visibility, some isolated high clouds

Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds

What visual flight conditions can be expected after the passage of a cold front?

Good visibility, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow

Poor visibility, formation of overcast or ground-covering stratus clouds, snow

Medium visibility with lowering cloud bases, onset of prolonged precipitation

Scattered cloud layers, visibility more than 5 km, formation of shallow cumulus clouds

An occlusion line is formed by succeeding...

warm air and preceding cold air.

cold air and preceding cold air.

cold air and preceding warm air.

warm air and preceding warm air.

A boundary between a cold polar air mass and a warm subtropical air mass showing no horizontal displacement is called...

cold front.

warm front.

stationary front.

occluded front.

What is the usual direction of movement of a polar front low?

Parallel to the warm front line to the south

Parallel to the warm-sector isobars

To the northeast during winter, to the southeast during summer

To the northwest during winter, to the southwest during summer

What pressure pattern can be observed during the passage of a polar front low?

Rising pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front

Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front

Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front

Rising pressure in front of the warm front, rising pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front

What pressure pattern can be observed when a cold front is passing?

Continually decreasing pressure

Constant pressure pattern

Shortly decreasing, thereafter rapidly increasing pressure

Continually increasing pressure

What change of wind direction can be expected during the passage of a polar front low in Central Europe?

Backing wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front

Veering wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front

Backing wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front

Veering wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front

High pressure areas can be found predominantly...

in polar front areas at 60° N/S.

in tropical areas, close to the equator.

in subtropical areas at 30° N/S.

overhead large ocean areas.

What cloud type can be observed across widespread high pressure areas during summer?

Overcast Ns clouds

Squall lines and thunderstorms

Overcast low stratus

Scattered Cu and Ac clouds

What pressure pattern may result from cold-air inflow in high tropospheric layers?

Formation of a low in the upper troposphere

Formation of a high in the upper troposphere

Formation of a large ground low

Alternating pressure

Cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers may result in...

showers and thunderstorms.

stabilisation and calm weather.

frontal weather.

calm weather and cloud dissipation.

How does inflowing cold air affect the shape and vertical distance between pressure layers?

Increasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure)

Decreasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure)

Increase in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)

Decrease in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)

What weather phenomena have to be expected around an upper-level trough?

Calm weather, formation of high fog layers

Development of showers and thunderstorms (Cb)

Calm wind, forming of shallow cumulus clouds

Formation of high stratus clouds, ground-covering cloud bases

What frontal line divides subtropical air from polar cold air, in particular across Central Europe?

Warm front

Polar front

Cold front

Occlusion

What weather characteristic results from the "westerly" situation?

Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

Calm winds and widespread high fog

Changing weather with passing of frontal lines

Clear skies and moderate winds

What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during summer?

Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog

Changing weather with passing of frontal lines

Squall lines and thunderstorms

What weather conditions in Central Europe are typically found in high pressure areas?

Large isobar spacing with strong prevailing westerly winds

Small isobar spacing with strong prevailing northerly winds

Small isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during winter?

Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog

Changing weather with passing of frontal lines

Squall lines and thunderstorms

What wind conditions can be expected in areas with no prevailing pressure gradient?

Variable winds, formation of local wind systems

Formation of local wind systems with strong prevailing westerly winds

Strong prevailing westerly winds with rapid veering

Strong prevailing easterly winds with rapid backing

What weather conditions can be expected during "Foehn" on the windward side of a mountain range?

Dissipating clouds with unusual warming, accompanied by strong, gusty winds

Calm wind and forming of high stratus clouds (high fog)

Scattered cumulus clouds with showers and thunderstorms

Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain

Which of the stated wind phenomena will increase in speed since its path is narrowed by mountains?

Scirocco

Passat

Mistral

Bora

What is the name of the cold, katabatic wind phenomena blowing from northeast into the Adriatic Sea?

Scirocco

Passat

Mistral

Bora

Which of the following conditions are most favourable for ice accretion?

Temperatures below 0° C, strong wind, sky clear of clouds

Temperatures between +10° C and -30° C, presence of hail (clouds)

Temperatures between -20° C and -40° C, presence of ice crystals (Ci clouds)

Temperatures between 0° C and -12° C, presence of supercooled water droplets (clouds)

What temperatures are most dangerous with respect to aircraft icing?

0° to -12° C

+20° to -5° C

+5° to -10° C

-20° to -40° C

Which type of ice forms by very small water droplets and ice crystals hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft?

Clear ice

Rime ice

Hoar frost

Mixed ice

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Meteorology AC

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