Meteorology AC

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This flashcard set delves into advanced meteorology topics suitable for university-level students, focusing on air pressure, fronts, wind conditions, and various weather phenomena like rain, clouds, and thunderstorms. It covers cloud formation, types, and their impact on flight, including hazards like icing and wind shear. The set also explores different weather charts, such as surface weather charts and radar pictures, and their uses in aviation. Pilots and meteorology students will benefit from understanding these concepts to navigate weather-related challenges safely and effectively.

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146

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Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Technik

Stufe

Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

24.12.2024 / 08.01.2025

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Moderate to severe turbulence has to be expected...

below thick cloud layers on the windward side of a mountain range.

on the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present.

with the appearance of extended low stratus clouds (high fog).

overhead unbroken cloud layers.

Which answer comprises every state of water in the atmosphere?

Liquid

Liquid and solid

Liquid, solid, and gaseous

Gaseous and liquid

How do dew point and relative humidity change with decreasing temperature?

Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases

Dew point decreases, relative humidity increases

Dew point remains constant, relative humidity decreases

Dew point increases, relative humidity decreases

How do spread and relative humidity change with increasing temperature?

Spread remains constant, relative humidity decreases

Spread increases, relative humidity decreases

Spread increases, relative humidity increases

Spread remains constant, relative humidity increases

The "dew point" is defined as...

temperature below which air has to be cooled to obtain condensation.

temperature to which air has to be cooled to obtain condensation.

temperature to which air has to be heated to obtain vaporisation.

temperature above which air has to be heated to obtain vaporisation.

The "spread" is defined as...

relation of actual to maximum possible humidity of air.

difference between actual temperature and dew point.

difference between dew point and condensation point.

maximum amount of water vapour that can be contained in air.

With other factors remaining constant, decreasing temperature results in...

increasing spread and increasing relative humidity.

decreasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.

decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity.

increasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.

What change in aggregate state releases the biggest amount of energy?

Solid -> liquid

Liquid -> gaseous

Gaseous -> liquid

Liquid -> solid

What process causes latent heat being released into the upper troposphere?

Evaporation over widespread water areas

Descending air across widespread areas

Stabilisation of inflowing air masses

Cloud forming due to condensation

The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is...

proportional to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

higher than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of...

0,65° C / 100 m.

1,0° C / 100 m.

0,6° C / 100 m.

2° / 1000 ft.

The saturated adiabatic lapse rate has a mean value of...

0,65° C / 100 m.

1,0° C / 100 m.

0,6° C / 100 m.

2° C / 1000 ft.

What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions?

Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms

Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow

Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels

Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds

Which conditions are likely for the formation of advection fog?

Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface

Cold, humid air moves over a warm ocean

Warm, humid air cools during a cloudy night

Humidity evaporates from warm, humid ground into cold air

Clouds are basically distinguished by what types?

Thunderstorm and shower clouds

Layered and lifted clouds

Cumulus and stratiform clouds

Stratiform and ice clouds

Clouds in high layers are referred to as...

Strato-.

Cirro-.

Nimbo-.

Alto-.

What weather phenomenon designated by "2" has to be expected on the lee side during "Foehn" conditions? See figure (MET-001).

Altocumulus Castellanus

Altocumulus lenticularis

Nimbostratus

Cumulonimbus

What cloud type does the picture show? See figure (MET-002).

Cumulus

Stratus

Cirrus

Altus

What cloud type does the picture show? See figure (MET-004).

Cumulus

Stratus

Cirrus

Altocumulus

What factors may indicate a tendency to fog formation?

Low pressure, increasing temperature

Strong winds, decreasing temperature

Low spread, increasing temperature

Low spread, decreasing temperature

What condition may prevent the formation of "radiation fog"?

Clear night, no clouds

Overcast cloud cover

Calm wind

Low spread

What process results in the formation of "advection fog"?

Cold, moist air is being moved across warm ground areas

Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas

Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds

What process results in the formation of "orographic fog" ("hill fog")?

Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds

Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range

Evaporation from warm, moist ground area into very cold air

What factors are required for the formation of precipitation in clouds?

Freezing temperatures, moderate to strong updrafts

High humidity and high temperatures

The presence of an inversion layer

Calm winds and intensive sunlight insolation

The formation of medium to large precipitation particles requires...

strong wind.

a high cloud base.

an inversion layer.

strong updrafts.

What conditions may be expected when flying through Cumulonimbus clouds (Cb)?

Low precipitation, calm air, light turbulence

Medium precipitation, medium turbulence, icing

Visibility more than 1.5 km, no turbulence, no icing

Heavy rain, hail, heavy turbulence, heavy icing

What conditions may be expected when flying through stratiform clouds (St)?

Low precipitation, calm air, light turbulence

Medium precipitation, medium turbulence, icing

Visibility more than 1.5 km, no turbulence, no icing

heavy rain, hail, heavy turbulence, heavy icing

Which type of cloud is associated with prolonged rain?

Nimbostratus

Cirrostratus

Cumulonimbus

Altocumulus

Regarding the type of cloud, precipitation is classified as...

light and heavy precipitation.

showers of snow and rain.

prolonged rain and continuous rain.

rain and showers of rain.

How is an air mass described when moving to Central Europe via the Russian continent during winter?

Maritime polar air

Maritime tropical air

Continental polar air

Continental tropical air

The character of a continental air mass can change by moving across widespread...

snow-covered areas.

hot areas.

desert areas.

humid areas.

The character of an air mass is given by what properties?

Temperatures at origin and present region

Region of origin and track during movement

Environmental lapse rate at origin

Wind speed and tropopause height

The front shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005)

warm front.

front aloft.

occlusion.

cold front.

The front shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-006)

warm front.

front aloft.

occlusion.

cold front.

The front shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-007)

warm front.

front aloft.

occlusion.

cold front.

What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a warm front?

Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night

Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter

Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

What visual flight conditions can be expected near a cold front?

Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground

Good visibility, some isolated high clouds

Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds

What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a cold front?

Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night

Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter

Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low?

Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground

Good visibility, some isolated high clouds

Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds

What factors are required for the formation of precipitation in clouds?

Freezing temperatures, moderate to strong updrafts

High humidity and high temperatures

The presence of an inversion layer

Calm winds and intensive sunlight insolation

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