Flight Performance - AC

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This flashcard set covers advanced university-level concepts related to flight performance and aircraft operations. It delves into various aspects such as flight planning, fuel calculations, and navigation, incorporating elements like altitude, speed, and gravity. The flashcards also address practical scenarios like VFR and night flights, making it invaluable for pilots and aviation students seeking to deepen their understanding of flight dynamics and operational procedures.

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Englisch

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Technik

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Erstellt / Aktualisiert

24.12.2024 / 29.12.2024

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Exceeding the maximum allowed aircraft mass is...

exceptionally permissible to avoid delays.

only relevant if the excess is more than 10 %.

compensated by the pilot's control inputs.

not permissible and essentially dangerous.

The center of gravity has to be located...

in front of the front C.G. limit.

behind the rear C.G. limit.

between the front and the rear C.G. limit.

right of the lateral C. G. limit.

The result of a rear C.G. position is...

a decrease of stability.

a decrease of range.

an increased fuel consumption.

an increased stall speed.

An aircraft must be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG) stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight. This is done to ensure...

both stability and controllability of the aircraft.

that the aircraft does not tip over on its tail while it is being loaded.

that the aircraft does not stall.

that the aircraft does not exceed the maximum permissible airspeed during a descent.

The result of a front C.G. position is: 1. Increase in stability. 2. Increase in fuel consumption. 3. Increase in stall speed. 4. Increase in range.

1, 2

2, 4

1, 2, 3

2, 3, 4

The basic empty mass of an aircraft includes...

the mass of the aeroplane plus standard items such as unusable fuel and other unusable liquids, lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units, fire extinguishers, pyrotechnics, emergency oxygen equipment, supplementary electronic equipment.

the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding unusable fuel and traffic load. The mass includes items such as crew and crew baggage.

the total mass of an aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation including the required fuel and crew, but excluding traffic load.

the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation including crew, navigation instruments and engine cowling.

The empty weight and the corresponding center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft are initially determined...

by weighing.

by calculation.

through data provided by the aircraft manufacturer.

for one aircraft of a type only, since all aircraft of the same type have the same mass and CG position.

The density of AVGAS 100LL at 15° C is...

0.72 kg/l.

0.82 kg/l.

0.68 kg/l.

1.0 kg/l.

The conversion factor from kilogram [kg] into pounds [lb] is...

kg x 2.205 = lb.

kg x 0.454 = lb.

kg / 2.205 = lb.

kg x 2 = lb.

Baggage and cargo must be properly stowed and fastened, otherwise a shift of the cargo may cause...

structural damage, angle of attack stability, velocity stability.

calculable instability if the C.G. is shifting by less than 10 %.

continuous attitudes which can be corrected by the pilot using the flight controls.

uncontrollable attitudes, structural damage, risk of injuries.

Loads must be adequately secured in order to...

carry extra fuel.

avoid any centre of gravity (C.G.) movements.

prevent excessive 'g'-loading during the landing flare.

allow steep turns.

The total weight of an aeroplane is acting vertically through the...

center of pressure.

center of gravity.

stagnation point.

neutral point.

The term "center of gravity" is defined as...

the heaviest point on an aeroplane.

the point at which the total mass of the aeroplane is considered to act.

another designation for the neutral point.

half the distance between the neutral point and the datum line.

The center of gravity (CG) defines...

the point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a mass.

the point on the longitudinal axis or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.

the product of mass and balance arm.

the distance from the datum to the position of a mass.

During an unaccelerated flight...

thrust equals drag and lift equals gravity.

thrust equals lift and drag equals gravity.

drag equals lift and thrust equals gravity.

thrust equals the sum of drag and gravity.

The term "datum" with regard to a mass and balance calculation defines...

the point on the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.

the point on the lateral axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.

the point on the vertical axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.

the distance from the reference plane to the center of gravity of an aircraft.

The term "moment" with regard to a mass and balance calculation defines the...

product of a mass and a balance arm.

sum of a mass and a balance arm.

difference of a mass and a balance arm.

quotient of a mass and a balance arm.

The term "balance arm" in the context of a mass and balance calculation defines the...

distance from the datum to the center of gravity of a mass.

point on the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.

point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a mass.

distance of a mass from the center of gravity.

The distance between the center of gravity and the datum is called...

balance arm.

lever.

torque.

span width.

The balance arm is the horizontal distance between...

the front C.G. limit and the rear C.G. limit.

the C.G. of a mass and the rear C.G. limit.

the C.G. of a mass and the datum line.

the front C.G. limit and the datum line.

When preparing to carry out the weighing procedure on an aircraft, which of the following is required?

Drain all engine tank oil

Drain all useable fuel

Remove the batteries

Remove service equipment

Which section of the flight manual describes the basic empty mass of an aircraft?

Performance

Normal procedures

Limitations

Weight and balance

The position of the center of gravity equals...

137.5 in.

145.7 in.

142 in.

147.5 in.

What mass equals 102 litres of Avgas 100LL?

142 kg

142 lbs

74 kg

74 lbs

Calculated take-off mass = 2300 lbs, calculated CG = 95.75 in, fuel burn = 170 lbs on station 87.00 in. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

96.45 in

96.57 in

97.39 in

94.11 in

Calculated take-off mass = 746 kg, calculated CG = 0.371, fuel burn = 30.5 l on station 0.45 m. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

36.9 cm

37.5 cm

37.2 cm

36.3 cm

Calculated take-off mass = 1082 kg, calculated CG = 0.254 m, fuel burn = 55 l on station 0.40 m. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

24.6 cm

24.8 cm

25.2 cm

25.4 cm

The position of the center of gravity (including fuel) equals...

37.1 cm.

37.3 cm.

0.401 m.

0.403 m.

For the purpose of a flight preparation, the pilot calculates a total take-off mass of 750 kg and a total moment of 625 mmkg. Which cross marks the center of gravity (CG)?

For the purpose of a flight preparation the pilot calculates a total take-off mass of 725 kg and a total moment of 650 mmkg. Which cross marks the center of gravity (CG)?

For the purpose of a flight preparation the pilot calculates a total take-off mass of 775 kg and a total moment of 700 mmkg. Which cross marks the center of gravity (CG)?

Which is the most recently determined empty mass and the associated center of gravity (CG) arm from the aircraft documentation?

512 kg; 285.39 m

4 kg; 1.1 m

498 kg; 280.59 m

5 kg; 1.3 m

How does the aircraft configuration influence take-off performance while all other parameters remaining constant?

Aircraft A has a higher flap setting than aircraft B

Aircraft B has a higher flap setting than aircraft A

Aircraft A has a higher tyre pressure than aircraft B

Aircraft B has a higher tyre pressure than aircraft A

How do high temperatures affect aircraft performance?

High temperatures result in low air density, thus raising density altitude and decreasing aircraft performance

High temperatures result in high air density, thus lowering density altitude and increasing aircraft performance

High temperatures result in low air density, thus lowering density altitude and decreasing aircraft performance

High temperatures result in high air density, thus raising density altitude and increasing aircraft performance

How does aircraft flap configuration influence the take-off performance?

A higher flap setting decreases ground roll and lift-off speed, but also climb performance

A higher flap setting decreases ground roll and lift-off speed and increases climb performance

A higher flap setting decreases ground roll and increases lift-off speed and climb performance

A higher flap setting increases ground roll, lift-off speed, and climb performance

How does wind affect the take-off performance?

Tailwind reduces the relative wind on the airfoil. The take-off distance will increase

Headwind causes an increased airflow around the wing. The take-off distance will increase

Headwind imposes an increased drag on the aircraft. The take-off distance will increase

Tailwind aids the aircraft in overcoming the initial drag at the commencement of the take-off roll. The take-off distance will decrease

It is possible that the surface wind speed at an airport is reduced due to friction. When a surface area with a minor tailwind condition is left during the initial climb, the pilot might expect...

a decrease in airspeed and rate of climb due to increasing tailwind.

an increase in airspeed and rate of climb due to increasing tailwind.

a decrease in airspeed and climb performance due to decreasing tailwind.

an increase in airspeed and rate of climb due to decreasing tailwind.

Which factor shortens take-off distance and landing distance?

Strong head wind

High density altitude

High pressure altitude

Heavy rain

How does precipitation affect airplane performance?

Water on the wing may disturb the airflow, thus decreasing aircraft performance

Rain does not affect aircraft performance

Water can enter the engine cowl, thus decreasing the engine performance

Heavy rain can increase the mass of the aircraft, thus decreasing aircraft performance

Unless the aircraft is equipped and certified accordingly...

flight into known or forecast icing conditions is prohibited. Should the aircraft enter an area of icing conditions inadvertently, it should be left without delay.

flight into known or forecast icing conditions is only allowed as long as it is ensured that the aircraft can still be operated without performance degradation.

flight into areas of precipitation is prohibited.

flight into forecast icing conditions is prohibited. Should the aircraft enter an area of icing conditions inadvertently, the flight may be continued as long as visual meteorological conditions are maintained.

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