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What constitutional provision grants Congress the authority to make laws deemed necessary for executing its powers, a source of debate regarding the scope of congressional authority?

"Necessary and Proper" Clause

What is the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time, defining the types of cases that certain courts, like the U.S. Supreme Court, can hear directly?

Original Jurisdiction

What are methods for selecting candidates for political office before the general election, crucial in determining party nominees and shaping the electoral landscape?

Primary and Caucus Elections

What situation involves different political parties controlling the executive and legislative branches, leading to challenges in passing legislation and increased political polarization?

Divided Government

: How would you describe an educational approach that allows flexibility and leniency in implementing policies?

Permissive

: Which religious group is connected with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?

Mormons

What term is used for financial support provided by the U.S. government, particularly within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare?

Subsidies

What acronym stands for the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, playing a significant role in providing subsidies?

HEW

What are geographical areas with local control over education policies, reflecting the decentralized nature of education governance called?

Local Education Districts (LEDs)

Which policy aims to address historical and systemic disadvantages faced by minority groups, especially in education and employment?

Affirmative Action

What concept acknowledges and accepts diverse educational approaches, recognizing the importance of varied teaching methods and philosophies?

Pluralism

How is a publicly funded institution of higher education operated by a state government commonly referred to?

State University

The Artciles of confederation

ensured that the member states had to approve of any financial, military or diplomatic decisions taken by the federal government

Who wrote "A City Upon a Hill"?

John Winthrop, who was an English Puritan lawyer and govenor

When was "A City Upon a Hill" published?

1630

What is "A City Upon A Hill"?

published by John Winthrop in 1630
he refered to their new place in the New World as a "city upon a hill" that would be watched by the world in order to inspire the puritans
America: "beacon of hope" for the world

What is the Decleration of independence?

by Thomas Jefferson
4th July 1776
declaring the 13 united states of America and explaining the seperation from Great Britain
all men are created equal
their rights are: Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness

Explain "American Progress".

painting by John Gast
1872
reflects the idea of Manifest Destiny, the development and civilization of the American West expansion

Explain "the frontier".

Frederick J. Turner
1893
American frontier, in United States history, the advancing border that marked those lands that had been settled by Europeans. It is characterized by the westward movement of European settlers from their original settlements on the Atlantic coast (17th century) to the Far West (19th century).

What is the "American Dream"?

by John T. Adams
1931
main ideas: anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success
upward mobility possible for everyone
sacrifice, risk-taking: and hard work

What is the first amendment to the constitutuion?

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Who is more prone to believe in God or a higher/ universial spirit (in the US)?

90% and 94%

Men

Women

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Men

Women

Who is least likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

18 to 29 year olds

30 to 49 year olds

59 to 64 year olds

65+

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18 to 29 year olds

30 to 49 year olds

59 to 64 year olds

65+

Who is least likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

High school or less

some college

college grad

postgraduate education

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High school or less

some college

college grad

postgraduate education

Who is least likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

conservatives

Moderates

Liberals

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conservatives

Moderates

Liberals

Who is most likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

conservatives

moderates

liberals

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conservatives

moderates

liberals

Who is least likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

east

south

midwest

west

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east

south

midwest

west

Who is most likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

east

south

midwest

west

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east

south

midwest

west

Who is least likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

Republicans

Independents

Democrats

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Republicans

Independents

Democrats

Who is most likely to believe in God or a universal spirit in the US?

Republicans

Independents

Democrats

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Republicans

Independents

Democrats

Many people in the US. leave the catholic church because of abuse allegations against priests. Why is it, that the number of catholics in general stays about the same?

The number of catholics in total in the US stays about the same, because many people that immigrate from Latin America are catholic.

Define 'nominal adherence'.

to belong to something name-only

define 'civil religion'.

Civil religion, also referred to as a civic religion, is the implicit religious values of a nation, as expressed through public rituals, symbols (such as the national flag), and ceremonies on sacred days and at sacred places (such as monuments, battlefields, or national cemeteries).
there is a lot of religious talk in politics and governtment in the USA
for example the money saying "one nation under God"
blending of religous rhetoric in political and social culture

What was the virginia plan?

Introduced to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, James Madison's Virginia Plan outlined a strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The plan called for a legislature divided into two bodies (the Senate and the House of Representatives) with proportional representation.
Plan based on popular voting
popular with big states

What was the New Jersey Plan?

The New Jersey Plan was designed to protect the security and power of the small states by limiting each state to one vote in Congress, as under the Articles of Confederation. Its acceptance would have doomed plans for a strong national government and minimally altered the Articles of Confederation.
plan that states that each state should have the same amount of representation
popular with the small states

What is the Conneticut Compromise?

The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman Compromise) was an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the United States Constitution.
It combined the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.
It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation of the states in the lower house or House of Representatives, and it required the upper house or Senate to be weighted equally among the states; each state would have two representatives in the Senate.
No bill can become law in the US unless it passes through both houses of congress

The Constitution is also known as the ...

supreme law

What are the three branches of the constitution?

Legislative
Executive
Judicial

What is the legislative branch?

Legislative. The legislative branch is made up of the House and Senate, known collectively as the Congress. Among other powers, the legislative branch makes all laws, declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce and controls taxing and spending policies.

What is the executive branch?

The executive branch’s key roles include:

President - The president is the head of state, leader of the federal government, and Commander in Chief of the United States armed forces.
Vice president - The vice president supports the president. If the president is unable to serve, the vice president becomes president. The vice president also presides over the U.S. Senate and breaks ties in Senate votes.
The Cabinet - Cabinet members serve as advisors to the president. They include the vice president, heads of executive departments, and other high-ranking government officials. Cabinet members are nominated by the president and must be approved by the Senate.
The executive branch also includes executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees.