Ophthalmology 2022

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This flashcard set covers advanced ophthalmology topics at the university level, focusing on eye diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, and retinopathy, as well as treatments and diagnostic tests. It delves into corneal conditions, muscle functions, and symptoms, providing detailed insights into various eye disorders. Medical students and professionals will find this set invaluable for understanding complex eye conditions and their management, enhancing their diagnostic and treatment skills.

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128

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Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Medizin

Stufe

Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

24.05.2022 / 16.02.2025

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Synoptophore is used for:

Measurement of intraocular pressure

Assessment of eye ́s refraction

Assessment of binocular single vision

Measurement of intraocular pressure

Assessment of eye ́s refraction

Assessment of binocular single vision

The optical power is too low (usually because the eye is too short) and parallel rays of light converge towards a point behind the retina. What is it?

Astigmatism

Myopia

Hypermetropia

Astigmatism

Myopia

Hypermetropia

A hinged partial thickness corneal stromal flap is first created with a

rapidly moving automated blade. The flap is lifted and the laser applied

onto the stromal bed. This is:

DSAEK

PRK

LASIK

DSAEK

PRK

LASIK

These are a common symptom particularly in middle aged patients.

They take the form of spots or cobwebs which move when the eye moves

and obscure vision only slightly. What disease is it:

Retinal detachment

Floaters

Phegmatogenous retinal detachment

Retinal detachment

Floaters

Phegmatogenous retinal detachment

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) may result from:

The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an abnormality of the venous wall (inflammation)

The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an increased ocular pressure

The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an abnormality of the venous wall (inflammation); an increased ocular pressure

The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an abnormality of the venous wall (inflammation)

The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an increased ocular pressure

The hyperviscosity syndromes and abnormalities in coagulation; an abnormality of the venous wall (inflammation); an increased ocular pressure

What can be confirmed by performing a cover test:

Cataract

Glaucoma

Strabismus

Cataract

Glaucoma

Strabismus

Which answer about the anatomy and function of retina is false:

Optic nerve head should have an orange – pink color, clear and well defined borders

Fovea is a well vascularized zone

Rods have little role in color vision and are concentrated in the outer edges of retina

Optic nerve head should have an orange – pink color, clear and well defined borders

Fovea is a well vascularized zone

Rods have little role in color vision and are concentrated in the outer edges of retina

The probability of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is NOT

increased patients who:

Have high hypermetropia

Have undergone cataract surgery particularly if this was complicated by vitreous loss

Have experienced a detached retina in the fellow eye

Have high hypermetropia

Have undergone cataract surgery particularly if this was complicated by vitreous loss

Have experienced a detached retina in the fellow eye

What are drusen?

Yellow fat and protein deposits in the macula

Abnormal vessels

Characteristic central scotomas

Yellow fat and protein deposits in the macula

Abnormal vessels

Characteristic central scotomas

What is the possible treatment for wet AMD?

Laser therapy

Anti – VEGF injections

There is no treatment

Laser therapy

Anti – VEGF injections

There is no treatment

Which of the following is the most common type of retinal detachment?

Exudative

Rhegmatogenous

Tractional

Exudative

Rhegmatogenous

Tractional

The characteristic symptom of primary open-angle glaucoma in visual field exam (perimetry) is:

bitemporal hemianopsia

Bjerrum scotoma

scintillating scotoma

bitemporal hemianopsia

Bjerrum scotoma

scintillating scotoma

In what type of glaucoma the measurements of corneal diameter are used?

primary open-angle glaucoma

pigmentary glaucoma

congenital glaucoma

primary open-angle glaucoma

pigmentary glaucoma

congenital glaucoma

Topical use of atropine drops or ointment into the conjunctival sac is contraindicated in:

irydocyclitis

corneal ulcer

primary closed-angle

irydocyclitis

corneal ulcer

primary closed-angle

Reduced corneal reflex is typical for:

peripheral ulcerative keratitis

Herpes Simplex keratitis

fungal keratitis (keratomycosis)

peripheral ulcerative keratitis

Herpes Simplex keratitis

fungal keratitis (keratomycosis)

What changes can occur in the vision field if a pituitary tumor is found?

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

concentric visual field contraction

bitemporal hemianopia

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

concentric visual field contraction

bitemporal hemianopia

Beta-blockers decrease the intraocular pressure by:

decreasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor

decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor

contraction of the ciliary muscle that allows aqueous humor outflow through trabecular network

decreasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor

decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor

contraction of the ciliary muscle that allows aqueous humor outflow through trabecular network

Paralytic strabismus - indicate the correct answer:

diplopia never occurs

primary angle = secondary angle

lack/restriction of movement of the eye in the direction of paralyzed muscle

diplopia never occurs

primary angle = secondary angle

lack/restriction of movement of the eye in the direction of paralyzed muscle

By which method we can diagnose strabismus latens heterophoria?

fly test

synoptophore examination

cover test

fly test

synoptophore examination

cover test

Conjunctivitis giganto-papillaris of the upper lid can suggest:

keratitis after trauma

conjunctivitis that occur in spring

bacterial conjunctivitis with H. influenza etiology

keratitis after trauma

conjunctivitis that occur in spring

bacterial conjunctivitis with H. influenza etiology

How is the eye funds examined in premature infants?

a) simple ophthalmoscopy (fundoscopy)

b) Goldmann three mirror lens

c) Fison binocular indirect ophthalmoscope

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

a) simple ophthalmoscopy (fundoscopy)

b) Goldmann three mirror lens

c) Fison binocular indirect ophthalmoscope

1. The patient complains of a sudden painless loss of all or part of the vision. What disease can you suspect?

conjunctivitis

central retinal artery occlusion

AMD

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

conjunctivitis

central retinal artery occlusion

AMD

A positive Seidl’s test occurs in:

wet macular degeneration

dry eye syndrome

corneal perforation and leakage

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

wet macular degeneration

dry eye syndrome

corneal perforation and leakage

Ectopia lentis may be seen in:

homocystinuria, Marfan’s syndrome, giant cell arteritis

trauma, homocystinuria, Marfan’s syndrome

trauma, giant cell arteritis, Marfan’s syndrome

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

homocystinuria, Marfan’s syndrome, giant cell arteritis

trauma, homocystinuria, Marfan’s syndrome

trauma, giant cell arteritis, Marfan’s syndrome

Intracranial hypertension can cause:

bilateral optic disc swelling

retinal detachment

scleritis

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

bilateral optic disc swelling

retinal detachment

scleritis

Exudative retinal detachment is when:

it is pulled off by contracting fibrous tissue on the retinal surface (e.g. as in the proliferative retinopathy of diabetes mellitus)

a tear occurs in the retina, allowing liquified nitrous to gain entry to the subretinal space and causing a progressive detachment

fluid accumulates in the subretinal space as a result of an exudative process, which may occur during toxaemia in pregnancy

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

it is pulled off by contracting fibrous tissue on the retinal surface (e.g. as in the proliferative retinopathy of diabetes mellitus)

a tear occurs in the retina, allowing liquified nitrous to gain entry to the subretinal space and causing a progressive detachment

fluid accumulates in the subretinal space as a result of an exudative process, which may occur during toxaemia in pregnancy

Uveitis is usually treated with

anti-VEGF and vitrectomy

antibiotics

steroids and mydriatics

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

anti-VEGF and vitrectomy

antibiotics

steroids and mydriatics

Eye hit with tennis or squash ball often develops

blow out orbital fracture

central retinal artery occlusion

perforation of the eye ball

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

blow out orbital fracture

central retinal artery occlusion

perforation of the eye ball

What is a common cause of excessive tearing and purulent conjunctivitis in toddlers?

nasolacrimal duct stenosis

viral infection

allergy

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

nasolacrimal duct stenosis

viral infection

allergy

The tear film (20um thick) covers the eternal ocular surface and comprises ... layers

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

A surface oil layer produces by the

conjuntivial goblet cells

lacrimal gland

tarsal meibomian glands

conjuntivial goblet cells

lacrimal gland

tarsal meibomian glands

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle is innervated by which nerve?

III

Retinal detachment can be diagnosed with:

ultrasound examination

applanation tonometry

gonioscopy

ultrasound examination

applanation tonometry

gonioscopy

patient presents with redness of the eye, discharge, ocular irritation. It is:

bacterial conjunctivitis

applanation tonometry

gonioscopy

bacterial conjunctivitis

applanation tonometry

gonioscopy

In children the most common orbital tumour is:

neuroblastoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Retinoblastoma

neuroblastoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Retinoblastoma

The upper lid margin usually overlaps the upper corneal limbus by.

3-4 mm

It does not overlap the upper limbus

1-2 mm

3-4 mm

It does not overlap the upper limbus

1-2 mm

During slit lamp examination, you saw a dendritic ulcer on the cornea. How will you treat it?

acyclovir

cefuroxime

ciprofloxacin

acyclovir

cefuroxime

ciprofloxacin

Choose the typical symptom of retinoblastoma:

heterochromia of the eye

a White pupillary reflex (leukocoria)

enophthalmus

heterochromia of the eye

a White pupillary reflex (leukocoria)

enophthalmus

Which of the following medication are not used to treat glaucoma:

alpha2-blockers

alpha2-agonists

prostaglandin analogs

alpha2-blockers

alpha2-agonists

prostaglandin analogs

. factors thought tool be important in the development of a diabetic retinopathy include:

duration of diabetes, diabetic control

Smoking, hypertension

All of the above

duration of diabetes, diabetic control

Smoking, hypertension

All of the above

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In what type of glaucoma the measurements of corneal diameter are used?

primary open-angle glaucoma

pigmentary glaucoma

congenital glaucoma

Topical use of atropine drops or ointment into the conjunctival sac is contraindicated in:

irydocyclitis

corneal ulcer

primary closed-angle

Reduced corneal reflex is typical for:

peripheral ulcerative keratitis

Herpes Simplex keratitis

fungal keratitis (keratomycosis)

What changes can occur in the vision field if a pituitary tumor is found?

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

concentric visual field contraction

bitemporal hemianopia

Beta-blockers decrease the intraocular pressure by:

decreasing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor

decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor

contraction of the ciliary muscle that allows aqueous humor outflow through trabecular network

Paralytic strabismus - indicate the correct answer:

diplopia never occurs

primary angle = secondary angle

lack/restriction of movement of the eye in the direction of paralyzed muscle

By which method we can diagnose strabismus latens heterophoria?

fly test

synoptophore examination

cover test

Conjunctivitis giganto-papillaris of the upper lid can suggest:

keratitis after trauma

conjunctivitis that occur in spring

bacterial conjunctivitis with H. influenza etiology

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Ophthalmology 2022

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