PL080 - Principles of Flight PPL(A)

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This flashcard set delves into the principles of flight for private pilots, covering key concepts like aerodynamics, aircraft stability, and control. It explores how factors such as angle of attack, air pressure, and wing design influence flight dynamics, including speed, drag, and lift. The set is particularly useful for aspiring pilots and aviation enthusiasts seeking to understand the fundamental physics behind aircraft maneuverability and performance.

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370

Utilisateurs

Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Technique

Niveau

Autres

Créé / Mis à jour

28.04.2022 / 11.05.2022

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What does the aircraft (helicopter, glider, etc.) "absolute ceiling" mean?

The highest theoretical altitude that the aircraft is able to climb.

An altitude calculated in the design project of an aircraft.

The altitude at which the aircraft still maintains the climbing ability of 0,5m/s.

The altitude of the atmospere surrounding the Earth.

What does "static stability" of an object mean? (aircraft, helicopter, grinder, hang-grinder etc.)

A tendency (in a form of force or a moment) to return to the former equilibrium after a disturbance.

Balance condition.

No reaction to balance disturbance.

Object static fluctuations around the lateral axis.

What does "airfoil Center of Pressure" mean?

An imaginable point on the chord of an aerofoil at with the resultant force (of all aerodynamic forces) act.

A drag force application point.

A point at which the pressure value is average.

A center of the profile chord line.

What does the boundary layer mean"

A layer of air flowing around an arbitrary aircraft element in which the stream velocity changes from zero to free stream velocity.

A turbulent air region in the area of fuslage and other aircraft elements joints.

A part of an airstream flowing a part of aircraft with A-type flow.

A part of an airstream which changes from laminar to A-type flow.

What is an "Aspect Ratio" of an aircraft or glider wing (or a propeller blade)?

The ratio of wingspan to average chord length.

The ratio of wing or blade length to the chord length at the base of it.

The ratio of wingspan (rotor diameter) to the aircraft (helicopter) length.

The ratio of mean aerodynamic chord to the wing or blade length.

What is the elevation of the airport?

The physical elevation (altitude) of an airport apron above mean sea level according to ISA.

The facade of an airport building.

The surface of the runway.

The slope of the main runway surface.

What is the air density?

An air mass contained in a volume of 1m3.

The opposite of the atmospheric viscosity.

The number of molecules of oxygen and nitrogen in a 1cm3 volume.

The weight of 1 m3 air.

What is this the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)?

A set of values considered as standard of static pressure (p), temperatures (t/T) and the air density (rho) at different heights.

A set of intormation about atmospheric parameters held at the UN headquarters in New York.

A set of intormation about atmospheric parameters held at the ICAO headquarters in Montreal.

A collection of air chemical composition at different heights.

What is it a pressure altitude above the airport level?

A reading of a pressure altimeter which is set to an airport pressure QFE.

A reading of a pressure altimeter which is set to sea level pressure QNH.

A reading of a radio altimeter.

The airport elevation.

What is pressure altitude above sea level?

A reading of a pressure altimeter when it is set to the current sea level pressure QNH.

The airport elevation.

A reading of a pressure altimeter when it is set to the current airport pressure QFE.

A reading of a radio altimeter.

What is density altitude?

Theoretical height, where the air density is equal to the standard density according to ISA.

The height according to international standard atmosphere (ISA).

The airport elevation height corrected for the current air density.

The pressure altitude corrected for humidity.

What is the standard height?

A reading of a pressure altimeter when it is set to the standard value at sea level (QNH) this is 1013.25 hPa or 760 mm Hg.

A reading of a standard radio altimeter.

The airport elevation.

Density altitude, corrected for ambient temperature.

Is there any connection between air static pressure (p), the absolute temperature (T) and density (rho)? Czy między ciśnieniem statycznym powietrza p, jego temperaturą bezwzględną T i gęstością rho; istnieje jakiś związek?

Yes, expressed as the Universal Gas Law p=rho*g*R*T [Pa], where g is the gravity constant g = 9.81 m/s2 and gas constant R = 29.2746 m/K.

Yes, expressed in Mallets Law p=R*g*rho*dT [Pa], where g is the gravity constant g = 9.81 m/s2 and air gas constant R = 29.2746 m/K.

Yes, expressed as a Crakow's form f [A, g, p, rho, T]

There is no connection

Does the object (aircraft, helicopter, glider, hang-glider, etc.) statically unstable can be dynamically stable?

No.

Yes.

Static stability is not important for the dynamic stability.

Fixed-wing aircraft - yes, Rotorcraft - no.

Does increase of stability affect controlability?

Yes, controlability decreases.

Yes, controlability increses.

No, changes of stability do not affect controlability.

Yes, at large angles of attack the controlability increases and at small decreases.

What is the difference between static stability and dynamic stability of an object (airplane, helicopter, glider, hang-glider etc.)?

The static stability takes into account only tendency to return to the equilibrium state, the dynamic stability takes into account objects's movement type.

There is no difference, the phenomenon is the same, just different names.

They differ in the importance - dynamic stability is more important.

The static stability concerns only balance on the ground, the dynamic stability - in-flight balance.

What is the "static instability" of an object (airplane, helicopter, glider, hang-glider etc.)?

A tendency (in a form of force or a moment) to continue moving in the direction of displacement following a disturbance.

Lack of any object reaction following a disturbance.

Static fluctuations around the object lateral axis.

Trim balance condition.

What is the "neutral static stability" of an object (airplane, helicopter, glider, hang-glider etc.)?

Lack of any object reacton following a disturbance.

A tendency (in a form of force or a moment) to return to equilibrium state following a disturbance.

Static fluctuations around the object lateral axis.

Trim balance condition.

What kind of profile doesn't create induced drag at zero angle of attack?

Double convex symmetrical.

Plano-convex.

Concave-convex.

Double convex asymmetrical.

For a constant accelerated motion, double increase of time at a constant acceleration causes:

A fourfold increase of the distance.

A double increase of the distance.

A double reduction of the distance.

A fourfold reduction of the distance.

For a constant accelerated motion, double increase of acceleration within a constant time causes:

A double increase in the distance.

A fourfold increase in the distance.

A double reduction in the distance.

A fourfold reduction in the distance.

For a rectangular planform wing it is true that:

The chord does not change along the wingspan.

The chord decreases along the wingspan.

The chord increases along the wingspan.

The chord at first increases and then decreases along the wingspan.

For the three wings with the same surface and the same wingspan, but with different planform (rectangular, tapered and elliptical), the Aspect Ratio is:

The same for all planforms.

Highest for an elliptical planform and the smallest for a rectangular.

Highest for the rectangular planform and the smallest for an elliptical.

Highest for an elliptical planform and the smallest for the tapered.

For an established descent the following equation is true:

Px=Q

Pz=Q

Q=Q

Pz=Px

What is the "drag polar"?

A polar curve depicting the value of lift coefficient vs. drag coefficient.

A polar autorotation curve.

A chart of the power required.

A graph called "Titus Huber curve" in Poland.

The wing surface increasing devices are:

Fowler flap and the leading edge flaps.

Winglets and trailing edge flaps.

Slots and the split flaps.

Trainling edge flaps and the split flaps.

Devices that move the separation point aft on an airfoil upper surface are called:

Slats.

Trailing edge flaps.

Split flaps.

Fowler flap.

Devices that increace the camber of an airfoil are called:

Leading edge flaps.

Winglets.

Slots.

All answers are correct.

The backward sweep of a wing causes:

Increase in the lateral static stability.

Reduction of the lateral static stability

Reduction of the lateral static stability at positive angles of attack and the increase at negative.

Increase in the lateral static stability at positive angles of attack, and reduction at negative.

Aaerofoil glide ratio:

Depends on the angle of attack.

Is a constant characteristic for the profile and corresponds to the (CL/CD)max.

Always increases when increasing angle of attack.

Always increases when decreasing angle of attack.

Doubling an airflow velocity in a closed tunnel will result in:

A fourfold decrease of static pressure.

A fourfold increase of static pressure.

A twofold increase of static pressure.

A double decrease of static pressure.

Flatter is the name of a phenomenon associated with:

The occurrence of self-existing vibrations.

The formation of the lift force.

The formation of drag force.

Elevator/rudder/aileron reversal.

When air enters a channel with velocity "V" and the channel cross-sectional area changes, that velocity also changes:

The velocity "V" increases at reduced cross-sectional area .

The velocity "V" changes as the static pressure changes.

The velocity "V" does not change at all.

The velocity "V" decreases at reduced cross-sectional area and increases at increased cross-sectional area.

Aerofoil thickness is:

The greatest distance between the upper and the lower airfoil surfaces, perpendicular to its chord.

The average distance between the upper and lower airfoil surfaces.

The distance between the upper and the lower airfoil surfaces at 50% chord line (MAC).

The greatest distance between the upper airfoil surface and the chord line.

The greatest distance between. The bigger air viscosity:

The greater the drag and the thicker the boundary layer.

The smaller the drag and the thinner the boundary layer.

The greater the drag and the thinner the boundary layer.

The smaller the drag and the thicker the boundary layer.

The existence of steerring control surfaces on the airframe causes mainly:

Additional drag caused by slots between those surfaces and wings.

Induced drag.

Wave drag.

Skin friction drag.

What is a "flettner"?

Balance tab.

Anti-balance tab.

Trim tab.

Trimmer .

How does the speed have to change in a balanced turn in order to increase the radious four times (keeping the same bank angle)?

Double.

Increase 4 times.

Increase 8 times.

Reduce 4 times.

What is the name of a tab, which position may be independently changed during the flight?

Trim tab.

Flettner.

Anti-balance tab.

Balance tab.

What is the name of the point at which the airflow changes from laminar to turbulent?

Separation Point.

Stagnation Point.

Pressure Point.

Turbulent point.

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