Sustainable Food Packaging

packaging methods, material and sustainability

packaging methods, material and sustainability


M. B.
This flashcard set helps university-level learners improve their English, focusing on sustainable food packaging. The vocabulary flashcards cover key terms like myoglobin, autoxidation, and permeation, essential for understanding food preservation and packaging materials. The set also includes practical examples of packaging problems and solutions, making it ideal for students and professionals in food science or packaging engineering. With the platform's backward learning feature, users can practice translating both from and into English, enhancing their language skills in a practical context.
Flashcards
144
Students
8
Language
English
Category
English
Level
University
Created / Updated
16.04.2022 / 11.05.2022

Lernkarten

What are the steps of LCA Life cycle assessment?

1. Goal and scope -> consider the countrys which there different requirements in their waste management

What and how you define -> the targets of the assessment should be clear, which indicator and models we use

2. Life cycle inventory = Quantify all input and output flows ->for instance, energy and emissions input and output

we need, land use, water use, toxicity to humans, acidification of soil-> then calculate them (LCA) in the LCC we consider costs, equipment

3. Impact assessment= Which impact the indicator and models has in case of sustainability  

Water use is one class and another class is the energy use in case of the climate change

4. Interpretation = evaluate and interpreted the datas and results and sum up

 

What are the system boundaries of the LCA Life cycle assessment?

1. (not) considere life stages (cradle to cradle instead of cradle to grave)

2. Geographical reference = local energy and waste diposal

3. Process period time Reference one year?

4. complexity of the date = input, output, residues, by products

 

Impact Assessment: which Impact can be consider?

first we have the inventory to consider about the emissions we release to air water soil

then we pick one categorie -> in the course we consider the climate change

then we have to look at the damage point, here is it the human health and the ecosystem quality

In the end we sum up a calculation of the different greenhous gases emissions per kg multiply it with the global warmin potential over 100 years and sum this results over all greenhousegases.

Sustainability strategies sufficiency (Genügsamkeit)

Name some aspects

Use what you have 

do it yourself

avoid unnecessary or oversized packaging

use sharing offers

less fossilbased mobility

second hand

borrow

 

buy new is the badest part of consume

Name some examples for consictency regarding Bioeconomy (Sustainability strategies)

transition from petrochemical to biological
resources, also in the case of polymers (Bioeconomy)

Bioeconomy application examples:

use of residues or by products from the olive production. the additive can increase the shelf life of the product

potato peel based film for packaging 

Polylactid acid PLA as a packaking layer 

to be consider the different barrier properties

 


 

Define effectiveness

ratio of Result and goal
goal-oriented

doing the right things

What to do?

 

define efficiency

doing things right

How to do it

Ratio between Result / costs

is it economy efficient

Name the difference between intergenerational equity and intragenerational equity regarding the social dimension!

intergenerational equity

justice between generations how much generations we consider 1 or 10  
 

intragenerational equity

justice inside a generation and the different groups 
 

What was 2015

SDGs - Sustainable development goals

and the UN climate change conference in paris

What was in 1997

Kyoto protocol

What was in 1992

Rio de Janeiro conference regarding environmental and development

What was 1987

Brundtland commision - sustainable development

What are the barrier properties of packaging?

Against Water, Oxygen, Light, Flavors and chemicals, Microorganism

What is the negative enviromental impact of under and overpacking?

If we have a underpackaging, we produce food waste because we decrease the shelf life

If we have an overpackaging, we use more CO2 equivalent

the aim is to find the optimum packaging wich provide the optimal barrier properties for the product

Which packaging material is better for a Waterbottle PET or PLA?

a PET bottle has an shelf life of one Year

a PLA bottle has an shelf life of 38 days so is not sufficient

PLA has a higher water vapor transmission!

In which packaging is the shelf life of an dried product longer, PLA vs PE-LD ?

 

IN PE-LD is the water vapor transmisson 22 times longer than PLA

Name some requirements for packaging films

Price

Processability

Contents 

Transport and storage conditions

Durability (Haltbarkeit)

Customer -> what the customers wish??

Match the following terms to the sizes!

macroplastic

mesoplastic

microplastic

nanoplastic

<0,1 mm

5 mm - 0,1 mm

5 cm - 5 mm

> 5 cm

macroplastic > 5 cm

mesoplastic 5 cm - 5 mm

microplastic 5 mm - 0,1 mm

nanoplastic <0,1 mm

Whats the main sources for microplastic?

tyre wear

abrasion of shoe soles

plastic packaging

emissions of waste disposal

Release at construction sites

Name some conflict cases between the economic dimension and the sustainability?

1. low profitability and high environmentally friendly -> conflict with other competitors and regulation by law

2. low profitability and low environmentally friendly -> no chance on the market

3. high profitability and low environmentally friendly -> conflict with other competitors and regulation by law

4. high profitability and high environmentally friendly ->Fully compatible, the perfect way

What are the aim of the ecological dimension?

protect the nature and the animals

it is a limited material ecosystem we cant overexploit the nature

Conflicts of objectives (Zielkonflikte)?
 

different motives & needs of the different actors & stakeholders
different cultural, social, legal, political and religious frameworks in countries

environmental and/or social and/or economic
 

Which bag is the most environmentally friendly?

petrol based plastic bags

paper fiber bags

cotton bag

It depends on the usetime frame.

Paper bags have to be used three times longer than petro based bags, cotton bags 50 to 150 times that they are more environmentally friendly.

Name the three Sustainability strategies?

efficiency (Effizienz)

In terms of efficiency, the optimal balance must be found between product protection and the use of the material. When underpackaging we have food waste and when we overpack we produce more co2 through the packaging material.

In my opinion the following example describe the efficiency good.

while early floppy discs had a capacity of under 1 megabyte (not even enough
for a single MP3 song), a tiny USB stick now has a capacity of several gigabytes.

 

consistency (Beständigkeit)

Consistency strategies are about balancing nature and technology.

The idea behind this concept is that in intelligent systems, there is no waste - only products.

The primary goal of consistency is not to reduce the energy consumption or the material consumption, but rather the reuse of the resources which used. This concept also known as the cradle to cradle principle. Here we have the raw material for the Product and the technical recycling.

Sufficiency (Ausreichende Versorgung)

• avoid unnecessary/oversized packaging
• use sharing offers
• less fossil-based individual mobility
• secondhand

  • consume less

What is the Rebound effect?

The increase of Energy efficiency should lead to a lower energy consumption but the rebound effect means that we use the saved energy for other things.

Here we have two cases the direct and the indirect rebound effect.

For Instance direct rebound effect:

After isolating your house, set the heating so that the average temperature in the house is higher than before the renovation.

An Example for the indirect rebound effect:

A lower heating bill after building isolation can create financial space for new, more energy-intensive lighting in the house

Name renewable (biobased) and non degradable polymers.

Bio PE

Bio PP

Bio PVC

Bio PA (Polyamid)

Name renewable (biobased) degradable polymers?

starches

PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates

PLA (Polylactid acid

cellulose

Name degradable petrochemical raw materials

polyester

PVOH polyvinyl alcohol

Name non-degradable petrochemical raw materials

PA polyamid

PP polypropylene

PE polyethylene

PET polyethylene terephtalate

PVC Polyvinyl chloride

How to subdivide non degradable?

reuse

recycling

thermal recycling

How to subdivide degradable?

composting

landfill

biogas

What did you like most of the lecture?

I liked the graph showing the relationship between packaging weight and environmental impact. The Understanding that we need an optimum packaging concept for less food waste was clear but normally we dont think about what happens if we undersized or oversized the packaging.

Many people want to have no more packaging, but the fact that this creates much more food waste and has a greater impact on the environment than too much packaging is often not clear to people.

Definition of biopolymers?

According to the manuscript, it is a material which is biobased and a alternative to petrochemical-based polymers

Bio based polymer for Instance BIO PE or Bio PP (non degradable) or starches, cellulose which are degradable

 

Which materials has good water vapor barrier?

PE (Polyethylen)

PE-LD / PE-HD / PE-LLD (are different density types)

Bio-PE

PP (Polypropylene)

Bio PP

PET (Polyethylene terephthalate)

Bio-Pet

PVC (Polyvinyl chloride)

PVDC (Polyvinylidene chloride)

PBS (polybutylene succinate)

Waxes and fats

PEF (polyethylene furanoate)

BOPP (biaxial oriented Poly propylene)

 

 

Which materials has a good oxygen barrier?

PET (Polyethylene terephthalate)

Bio-Pet

PVDC (Polyvinylidene chloride)

EVOH (Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers) -> depends of the relative humidity

Cellulose

Starch compounds

PEF (polyethylene furanoate)

PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates)

Proteins

Waxes and fats

 

Which material is good for printing?

PP, PE, PET

Which materials has good mechanical properties?

PET (Polyethylene terephthalate)

Bio-Pet

PA (Polyamide)

PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate)

PE (Polyethylen)

PE-LD / PE-HD / PE-LLD (are different density types)

+cheap

+Lightweight

+printable

+good thermo sealing properties (for multilayers)

+ hydrophobic (good water vapor barrier)

For carrier bags and sachets

-poor oxygen barrier

 

 

PP (Polypropylene)

+ hydrophobic (good water vapor barrier)

-poor oxygen barrier but better than PE

For bowls

PET (Polyethylene terephthalate)

+ excellent mechanical properties

+printability

+ crystal clear (optical)

Low permeability to water vapor and oxygen

-no total barrier

For bottles and covering films

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